151 Herodotus, i. 193, iv. 198; Xenophon, _Hellenica_, vi. 3. 6; Aelian, _Historia Animalium_, xvii. 16; Cornutus, _Theologiae Graecae Compendium_, 28; _Geoponica_, i. 12. 36; _Paroemiographi Graeci_, ed. Leutsch et Schneidewin, Appendix iv. 20 (vol. i. p. 439). _ 152 Cerealia_ in Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ xxiii. 1; _Cerealia munera_ and _Cerealia dona_ in Ovid, _Metamorphoses_, xi. 121 _sq._ 153 Libanius, ed. J. J. Reiske, vol. iv. p. 367, _Corinth. Oratio_: Οὐκ αὖθις ἡμῶν ακαρποσ ἡ γῆ δοκεῖ γεγονέναι? οὐ πάλιν ὁ πρὸ Δήμητρος εἶναι βίος? καί τοι καὶ πρὸ Δήμητρος αἱ γεωργίαι μὲν οὐκ ἦσαν; οὐδὲ ἄροτοι, αὐτόφυτοι δὲ βοτάναι καὶ πόαι; καὶ πολλὰ εἶχεν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἀνθρώπων αὐτοσχέδια ἄνθη ἡ γῆ ὠδίνουσα καὶ κύουσα πρὸ τῶν ἡμέρων τὰ ἄγρια. Ἐπλανῶντο μὲν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἐπ᾽ ἀλλήλους; ἄλση καὶ ὄρη περιῄσαν, ζητοῦντες αὐτόματον τροφήν. In this passage, which no doubt represents the common Greek view on the subject, the earth is plainly personified (ὠδίνουσα καὶ κύουσα), which points the antithesis between her and the goddess of the corn. Diodorus Siculus also says (v. 68) that corn grew wild with the other plants before Demeter taught men to cultivate it and to sow the seed. M33 Corn and poppies as symbols of Demeter. 154 Ovid, _Fasti_, iv. 616; Eusebius, _Praeparatio Evangelii_, iii. 11. 5; Cornutus, _Theologiae Graecae Compendium_, 28; _Anthologia Palatina_, vi. 104. 8; W. Mannhardt, _Mythologische Forschungen_, p. 235; J. Overbeck, _Griechische Kunstmythologie_, iii. (Leipsic, 1873-1878) pp. 420, 421, 453, 479, 480, 502, 505, 507, 514, 522, 523, 524, 525 _sq._; L. R. Farnell, _The Cults of the Greek States_, iii. 217 _sqq._, 220 _sq._, 222, 226, 232, 233, 237, 260, 265, 268, 269 _sq._, 271. 155 Theocritus, _Idyl._ vii. 155 _sqq._ That the sheaves which the goddess grasped were of barley is proved by verses 31-34 of the poem. 156 Eusebius, _Praeparatio Evangelii_, iii. 11. 5; Cornutus, _Theologiae Graecae Compendium_, 28, p. 56, ed. C. Lang; Virgil, _Georg._ i. 212, with the comment of Servius. 157 See the references to the works of Overbeck and Farnell above. For example, a fine statue at Copenhagen, in the style of the age of Phidias, represents Demeter holding poppies and ears of corn in her left hand. See Farnell, _op. cit._ iii. 268, with plate xxviii. 158 Cornutus, _Theologiae Graecae Compendium_, 28, p. 56 ed. C. Lang. M34 Persephone portrayed as the young corn sprouting from the ground. 159 Percy Gardner, _Types of Greek Coins_ (Cambridge, 1883), p. 174, with plate x. No. 25. M35 Demeter invoked and propitiated by Greek farmers before the autumnal sowing. Boeotian festival of mourning for the descent of Persephone at the autumnal sowing. 160 Diodorus Siculus, v. 68. 1.