—— -trees, torches thrown at, i. 108; mistletoe on, ii. 315, 316 _n._ 5 Apples, dipping for, at Hallowe’en, i. 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 245 Apricot-trees, mistletoe on, ii. 316 April, the twenty-seventh of, in popular superstitions of Morocco, i. 17 _sq._; ceremony of the new fire in, 136 _sq._, ii. 3; Chinese festival of fire in, 3 Arab women in Morocco, their superstitions as to plants at Midsummer, ii. 51 Arabia, tree-spirits in snake form in, ii. 44 _n._ 1 Arabian, modern, story of the external soul, ii. 137 _sq._ _Arabian Nights_, story of the external soul in the, ii. 137 Arabs of Morocco, their Midsummer customs, i. 214 Aran, in the valley of the Garonne, Midsummer fires at, i. 193 Arch, child after an illness passed under an, ii. 192; young men at initiation passed under a leafy, 193; triumphal, suggested origin of the, 195 Archer (_Tirant_), effigy of, ii. 36 Arches, novices at initiation passed under arches in Australia, ii. 193 _n._ 1 Archways, passing under, as a means of escaping evil spirits or sickness, ii. 179 _sqq._ Ardennes, the Belgian, bonfires on the first Sunday of Lent in the, i. 107 _sq._; the French, Lenten fires and customs in the, 109 _sq._; Midsummer fires in the, 188; the Yule log in the, 253; cats burnt alive in Lenten bonfires, ii. 40 Argo, tree of which the ship was made, ii. 94 _n._ 1 Argyleshire stories of the external soul, ii. 127 _sqq._ Argyrus, temple of Hercules at, i. 99 _n._ 3 Aricia, the priest of, and the Golden Bough, i. 1; the priest of Diana at, perhaps a personified Jupiter, ii. 302 _sq._ Arician grove, the Midsummer festival of fire in the, ii. 285; the priest of the, a personification of an oak-spirit, 285 Ariminum, triumphal arch of Augustus at, ii. 194 _n._ 4 Arizona and New Mexico, use of bull-roarers in, ii. 230 _n._, 231 Arks, sacred, of the Cherokees, i. 11 _sq._ Armenia, were-wolves in, i. 316; sick people creep through cleft trees in, ii. 173 Armenian church, bonfires at Candlemas in the, i. 131 —— idea of the sun as a wheel, i. 334 _n._ 1 Arms of youths punctured to make them good hunters, i. 58 Arnstadt, witches burnt at, i. 6 Arran, the need-fire in, i. 293 Arrows used as a love-charm, i. 14 Artemis Perasia, at Castabala in Cappadocia, ii. 14 _Artemisia absinthium_, wormwood, ii. 58 _n._ 3, 61 _n._ 1 —— _vulgaris_, mugwort, gathered at Midsummer, ii. 58 _sqq._ Artois, mugwort at Midsummer in, ii. 59 Arunta of Central Australia, their sacred pole, i. 7; their dread of women at menstruation, 77; legend that the ancestors kept their spirits in their _churinga_, ii. 218 _n._ 3; rites of initiation among the, 233 _sq._; initiation of medicine-men among the, 238 Aryan god of the thunder and the oak, i. 265 —— peoples, stories of the external soul among, ii. 97 _sqq._