Fourdin, E., on the procession of the giants at Ath, ii. 36 _n._ 2 Four-leaved clover, a counter-charm for witchcraft, i. 316; at Midsummer useful for magic, ii. 62 _sq._ Fowler, W. Warde, on Midsummer custom, i. 206 _n._ 2; on _sexta luna,_ ii. 77 _n._ 1; on the ceremony of passing under the yoke, 195 _n._ 4; on the oak and the thunder-god, 298, 299 _n._ 2, 300 Fowls’ nests, ashes of bonfires put in, i, 112, 338 Fox prayed to spare lambs, i. 152 Foxes burnt in Midsummer fires, ii. 39, 41; witches turn into, 41 Foxwell, Ernest, on the fire-walk in Japan, ii. 10 _n._ 1 Fraas, F., on the various sorts of mistletoe known to the ancients, ii. 318 Frampton-on-Severn in Gloucestershire, ii. 316 France, Lenten fires in, i. 109 _sqq._; Midsummer fires in, 181 _sqq._; fires on All Saints’ Day in, 245 _sq._; the Yule log in, 249 _sqq._; wonderful herbs gathered on St. John’s Eve (Midsummer Eve) in, ii. 45 _sqq._; mugwort (herb of St. John) at Midsummer in, 58 _sq._; fern-seed at Midsummer in, 65; judicial treatment of sorcerers in, 158; birth-trees in, 165; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in, 170. _See also_ French Franche-Comté, Lenten fires in, i. 110 _sq._; fires of St. John in, 189; the Yule log in, 254 Franken, Middle, fire custom at Easter in, i. 143 Frankenstein, precautions against witches in, ii. 20 _n._ Fraser Lake in British Columbia, i. 47 Freiburg, in Switzerland, Lenten fires in, i. 119; fern and treasure on St. John’s Night in, ii. 288 Freising, in Bavaria, creeping through a narrow opening in the cathedral of, ii. 189 French cure for whooping-cough, ii. 192 _n._ 1 —— Islands, use of bull-roarers in, ii. 229 _n._ —— peasants, their superstition as to a virgin and a flame, i. 137 _n._ Friction of wood, fire made by the, i. 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144 _sq._, 148, 155, 169 _sq._, 175, 177, 179, 220, 264, 270 _sqq._, 335 _sq._, ii. 8; the most primitive mode of making fire, 90, 295 “Friendly Society of the Spirit” among the Naudowessies, ii. 267 Frigg or Frigga, the goddess, and Balder, i. 101, 102 Fringes worn over the eyes by girls at puberty, i. 47, 48 Fruit-trees threatened, i. 114; Midsummer fires lit under, 215; shaken at Christmas to make them bear fruit, 248; fumigated with smoke of need-fire, 280; fertilized by burning torches, 340 _Fuga daemonum_, St. John’s wort, ii. 55 Fulda, the Lord of the Wells at, ii. 28 Fumigating crops with smoke of bonfires, i. 201, 337 —— sheep and cattle, ii. 12, 13 Fumigation of pastures at Midsummer to drive away witches and demons, i. 170; of fruit-trees, nets, and cattle with smoke of need-fire, 280; of byres with juniper, 296; of trees with wild thyme on Christmas Eve, ii. 64 Fünen, in Denmark, cure for childish ailments at, ii. 191