Cattle, magical stones for the increase of, i. 162; Zulu charm to recover strayed, i. 212; fire tied to tails of, in rain-charm, i. 303; sacrificed in rain-making, i. 350; influence of tree-spirits on, ii. 50 _sq._, 55, 124 _sq._; crowned, as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 75, 126 _sq._, 339, 341; under the protection of woodland spirits, ii. 124 _sq._; crowned at the Ambarvalia, ii. 127 _n._ 2; and milk, importance of, for the early Italians, ii. 324; Roman personal names derived from, ii. 324 _n._ 1; driven to pasture for the first time on St. George’s Day, ii. 331; bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 _n._ 3; continence observed for sake of, iii. 204; protected against wolves by charms, iii. 307; sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 _n._ 1; driven out to pasture at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 _n._ 1; last sheaf given to, vii. 134, 155, 158, 161, 170; (plough oxen) Yule or Christmas Boar given to the, vii. 301, 302, 303; worship of, viii. 35, 37 _sqq._; first-fruits offered to, viii. 118; ceremony for recovering lost, ix. 14; disease of, transferred to scapegoats, ix. 32 _sq._; exposed to attacks of witches, ix. 162; beaten to do them good, ix. 266 _sq._; sacrificed at holy oak, x. 181; protected against sorcery by sprigs of mullein, x. 190; fire carried round, x. 201, 206; driven out to pasture in spring and back in autumn, x. 223; acquire the gift of speech on Christmas Eve, x. 254; driven through the need-fire, x. 270 _sqq._; killed by fairy darts, x. 303; lighted brands carried round, x. 341; thought to benefit by festivals of fire, xi. 4, 7; fumigated with smoke of Midsummer herbs, xi. 53. _See also_ Cows Cattle and sheep driven through, round, or between bonfires, ii. 327, x. 108, 109, 141, 154, 157, 158, 159, 165, 175, 176, 179, 185, 188, 192, 202, 203, 204, 285, 301, xi. 8, 9, 11 _sq._, 13 Cattle disease, the Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176; attributed to witchcraft, x. 302 _sq._, 343. _See also_ Murrain —— -plague, need-fire kindled as a remedy for, x. 270 _sqq._; sacrifice of an animal to stay a, x. 300 _sqq._ —— -rearing tribes of South Africa, their dread of menstruous women, x. 79 _sq._ —— stall, the, at Athens, ii. 137 Catullus on Diana, i. 6, 16; on self-mutilation of a priest of Attis, v. 270 Caucasus, the Pshaws of the, i. 182; the Chewsurs of the, i. 282, vi. 65; the Abchases of the, i. 282 _n._ 4, ii. 370, viii. 105; the Albanians of the, iii. 349, v. 73, ix. 218; the Cheremiss of the, iii. 391; funeral games among the people of the, iv. 97 _sq._; sacraments of pastoral tribes in the, viii. 313 Caul, children born with a, can see spirits and are counted lucky, i. 187 _sq._, 199; used to fertilize a rice-field, i. 190 _sq._; guardian spirit of child thought to reside in its, i. 199 _sq._ _See also_ Cauls