to emit bills of credit, 136 to make anything but coin a tender, 136 to impair the obligation of contracts, 137 to pass bills of attainder or ex post facto laws, 137 to grant titles of nobility, 137 to lay duties, 137, 138 Promissory notes, rules concerning, 207-212 Protective duties, nature of described, 116, 117 Quarantine regulations, 121 Quorum, defined, 42 Rail-roads, by what authority and how made, 84, 85 Ratification of constitution by states, 162 of treaties, 144 Ratio of representation in congress, how ascertained, &c., 105, 106 Real estate, defined, 77 of intestates, descent of, 179, 180 Rebellion, defined, 90, 91 Recognizance, defined, 69 Recorder or register, county, duties of, 55 Records, public, proving and effect of, 156, 157 Registry of vessels, 120 Religion, freedom in matters of, secured, 163 Representative, defined, 27, 28 Representatives, state, how apportioned and elected, 37-39 qualifications of, 40 Representatives in congress, how apportioned, 105 qualifications of, 104, 105 Reprieve and pardon, defined, and power to grant, 49, 143 Reprisals, power to make, forbidden to states, 136 Reprisals in war, 229, 230 Republic, defined, 26 Republican government, guarantied to the states, 159 Respondent, defined, 69 Revenue, defined, 80 national, how raised, 112-114 Revolution, causes of, 94-97 Rhode Island, constitution of, 243 Rights and liberty, defined, 18-20 Rights of person and property, defined, 18, 19, 167 Right of property, how acquired, 16, 177 Right by prescription, 184-186 Right of way, law concerning, 183, 184 Right of waters, 183, 185 Right of search, 236 Riot, defined, and how suppressed, 220 Roads, (see Highways.) Robbery, defined, 218