§9. What early act of the constitutional convention shows the present government to be national? §10. What departments of power were wanting under the confederation? §11. Is the present government wholly national? Why not? Chapter XXIX. §1. Of what does congress consist? For what terms were members of the old congress appointed? Why has the term of a representative been extended to two years? §2. What qualifications are required for voting for representatives? What reasons were there for this rule? §3. What are the qualifications of a representative? Give the reasons for these qualifications. §4. Give the rule of apportioning representatives and direct taxes. §5. What made it difficult to agree upon a rule of apportionment? In what states did slavery then exist? Name the present slaveholding states. §7. Upon what terms was the question of apportionment settled? §8. Illustrate the rule by an example. §9. How are the slave states benefited by this arrangement as to taxes? §10. What do they gain as to representation? §11. How is the number of representatives limited? How often is the ratio of representation fixed? §12. Why has the ratio been from time to time increased? How is a representation secured to the smallest states? §13. State the ratio and the number of representatives after each census. §14. How is a state districted for choosing representatives? When are they chosen? §15. How are territories represented? Chapter XXX. §1. How is the senate constituted? Upon what points did the convention differ? How was the matter settled? §2. In what provision does the federative principle appear? §3. In what is there a difference between the old congress and the senate? §4. What reasons are offered in favor of a short term of office? What in favor of a long term? §6. What is said in favor of the present term? §7. Why were not the terms of all the senators made to expire at once? §8. How are vacancies in the office of senator filled? §9. Can an appointment be made before a vacancy actually happens? State a case. §10. What reasons are there for the required qualifications of senators as to age, citizenship, and residence in the state? §11. How do bills become laws after they have been vetoed by the president? Chapter XXXI. §2. What difference is here noticed between the general and state governments in respect to their powers? §3. What is the first in the list of powers given to congress? §4. For what purpose was this power necessary? What is _direct_ and what _indirect_ taxation? §5. Define duties, customs, imposts, and excises. §6. Define _specific_ and _ad valorem_ duties. §7. Why are duties required to be uniform throughout the United States? §8. By what means was the old national debt paid? How large was it at different periods? §9. Why is the power to borrow money necessary? Chapter XXXII. §1. From what arose the necessity of the power to regulate foreign commerce? What was the British policy?