§5. What is meant by _tender_, usually termed _lawful_ or _legal tender_? Why should coin only be made tender in payment of debts? §6. Why is the passing of bills of attainder and ex post facto laws by states forbidden? Why are laws impairing the force of contracts prohibited? §7. Do insolvent or bankrupt laws impair the obligation of contracts? States have passed such laws; were they constitutional? How has the question been decided? §8. Why is the granting of titles forbidden to the states? §9. What objections to the general power of the states to tax exports or imports? What exception is made to the prohibition? §10. What is the object of this exception? §11. What other restrictions are there upon the power of the states? Chapter XXXIX. §1. In whom is the executive power of the nation vested? §2. For what reasons was this power given to one person only? §3. Why were four years agreed on as the official term? §4. By whom is the president elected? Has the mode of election ever been altered? §5. By what authority is the manner of choosing the electors prescribed? By whom are they chosen at present? §6. In what manner are they chosen? Describe particularly the election by general ticket. When are electors chosen? §7. Where and when do the electors vote for president? How, when, and to whom, are certificates of their votes sent? §8. When, where, and by whom are the votes counted? How is the election determined? If no person has a majority of all the votes, by whom is the election made? How do the members vote? §9. Describe the election of president by the house in 1825. §10. How is the vice-president elected if there is no choice by the electors? §11. What are the qualifications of the president and vice-president? §12. How is a vacancy in the office of president supplied? What further provision is made for supplying vacancies? §13. Why may not the salary of a president be increased or diminished? §14. When does the presidential term commence and expire? Chapter XL. §1. What high military office has the president? Why is the command of the public forces intrusted to him? §2. For what reasons the power to grant reprieves and pardons? §3. What other powers has the president? For what purposes are treaties made? Who exercises this power in monarchies? Why is not the house associated with the president and senate? §4. For what reasons is the senate preferred? Who appoint embassadors? §5. By whom and how are treaties negotiated? By whom ratified? §6. What is here mentioned as the practice of civilized nations? What are the duties of the secretary of state in our intercourse with foreign nations? §7. What titles have representatives at foreign courts? Who are embassadors _in ordinary_ and _extraordinary_? Envoys? Envoys _plenipotentiary_? §8. What are our representatives abroad called? What are _chargès des affaires_? §9. What is the business of consuls?