[101:2] Rep. of Com. on War in South Africa, Com. Papers, 1904, XL., 1, pp. 52-56. [102:1] The recent Committee on Military Education evidently approved of that object. Com. Papers, 1902, X., 193, p. 24. [102:2] The Committee on Military Education were impressed by the widespread dissatisfaction with the education of army officers, and in Sandhurst, especially, much was found to criticise. The education of the junior officers after leaving the military academies was reported to be in a most unsatisfactory state. They were said to be lamentably wanting in military knowledge, and in the desire to study the science and master the art of their profession; while the examinations for promotion encouraged "the customs of idleness with a brief period of cram." Com. Papers, 1902, X., 193. There may well be some exaggeration in the criticism of the moment, due to a natural revulsion from the military self-complacency that preceded the war. [103:1] Rep. of Com. on Training and Examination of Junior Naval Officers, Com. Papers, 1901, XLII., 621, p. 15. [104:1] Memorandum, Com. Papers, 1902, LXI., 675. Since this was written another change has been made dividing naval officers into a sea-faring and fighting branch and an engineer branch. [104:2] Com. Papers, 1890, XIX., 1, pp. vi-viii. [105:1] Lord Charles Beresford, Hans., 4 Ser. CXII., 1146, 1147. [105:2] Rep. of Com. on War in South Africa, Com. Papers, 1904, XL., 1, pp. 135-36. Hans., 4 Ser. CXVIII., 291. [106:1] The "City" of London is an oasis with its own police force. [106:2] Glen on Public Health, 12 Ed., 443, 1169, 1341. [107:1] Rep. Com. on Nat. Expend., Com. Papers, 1902, VII., 15, Q. 1425. [107:2] 14-15 Vic., c. 42, §§ 16, 17. [109:1] In 1873 the settlement of railway controversies was transferred to a judicial body, the Railway and Canal Commission. [109:2] In the case of light railways the orders are made by the Light Railway Commission and confirmed by the Board of Trade, the members of the Commission being appointed by the President of the Board. 59-60 Vic., c. 48; 1 Edw. VII., c. 36. [109:3] Rep. of Com. on Municipal Trading, Com. Papers, 1900, VII., 183. [110:1] "English Const.," 1 Ed., 228-30. [112:1] 62-63 Vic., c. 33, §§ 1-4. [112:2] This does not, of course, apply to special establishments, like the naval and military schools, which are managed by other departments. [112:3] Throughout this chapter statements relating to local government must be understood not to apply to Scotland or Ireland; but in this case Wales, with Monmouthshire, is also excluded because, by the Welsh Intermediate Education Act of 1889, a special board chosen by the local authorities inspects the secondary schools there. [113:1] "Law and Custom of the Constitution," II., 184.