[68:2] Walpole repudiated the title of First or Prime Minister, although he was, in fact, the first man to occupy such a position. [68:3] See Ashley, "Life of Palmerston," II., 329-30; Gladstone, "Gleanings of Past Years," I., 242. See also the description in Morley, "Life of Walpole," 150-65, which, as already pointed out, represents Mr. Gladstone's views. [69:1] Morley, "Life of Gladstone," II., 383. [69:2] Morley, "Life of Walpole," 159-60. [70:1] "Sir Robert Peel, from his Private Correspondence"; _cf._ Parker, "Sir Robert Peel"; Morley, "Life of Gladstone," I., 248, 298. [70:2] Ashley, "Life of Palmerston," II., 257; _cf._ Morley, "Life of Gladstone," II., 35. [70:3] In his review of Parker's "Sir Robert Peel," in the first number of the _Anglo-Saxon Review_. [70:4] Hans., 4 Ser. LXXVIII., 27. [70:5] At the end of his first ministry, and at the beginning of his second, Mr. Gladstone held the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer. With this exception, and with that of Lord Salisbury, no Prime Minister has been at the head of a department since 1835. [72:1] "Gleanings of Past Years," I., 242. [72:2] Morley, "Life of Walpole," 164-65. This would hardly be stated in such broad terms to-day. [73:1] During the late war in South Africa, there was a special Cabinet Committee on National Defence, which was afterwards enlarged and made permanent, as explained in the following chapter. [73:2] See a collection of instances in Todd, "Parl. Govt. in England," 2 Ed., II., 471 _et seq._, and I., 444-49, 668-87. The vote in 1887 to adjourn in order to draw attention to the conduct of the police in the case of Miss Cass might very well have been regarded as a censure upon the Home Secretary, Mr. Matthews; but he did not think it necessary to resign. Hans., 3 Ser. CCCXVI., 1796-1830. [74:1] The vote to reduce the salary of the Secretary of State for War in 1895 was anomalous. It was a trick which will be explained in a later chapter. [75:1] Com. on Nat. Expenditure, Com. Papers, 1902, VII., 15, App. 1 and 3. [76:1] Morley, "Life of Gladstone," II., 140. [76:2] Hans., 4 Ser. CXXIII., 348-49. [76:3] Morley, "Life of Gladstone," III., 506-09. [77:1] It may be noted that the Chief Secretary of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland is not a parliamentary under-secretary, but the real head of the Irish Office, unless the Viceroy is in the cabinet; also that until the creation of the recent Board of Education the relations between the President and Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education were not clearly defined. [78:1] In the Liberal cabinet of 1905, however, both representatives of India are in the Commons. [78:2] The Board of Works and the Post-Office have at times been represented in the Commons by the Treasury. [78:3] Some member of the government is always ready to answer questions for them, and if need be to defend a department not directly represented. [79:1] Morley, "Life of Walpole," 165.