Of the three bureaus, the _Beylik Kalemi_ prepared, recorded, or transmitted, as was proper in each case, _Kanuns_, treaties, and all _firmans_ that did not concern the treasury department. The _Tahvil Kalemi_ prepared the diplomas of governors, of judges of large towns, and of fief-holders. The _Ruus Kalemi_ made out certificates for the clerks of all bureaus, for _Kapuji-bashis_, professors in endowed colleges, administrators of religious endowments, pensioners on the treasury or on religious benefactions, and soldiers of the auxiliary corps of the regular army. Together the three bureaus kept employed about one hundred and fifty clerks of three grades, provided for by fiefs. The _Nishanji’s_ sole duty was to authenticate _firmans_ sent to the provinces, by tracing at the head of each document the sultan’s _tughra_, or official signature. He had no influence on the conduct of business, but, as evidence of past greatness, he ranked above even the _Reis Effendi_ on ceremonial occasions.[609] The under-secretaries were attached by pairs to the ministers. The _Teshrifatji_, or master of ceremonies, and the _Kiaya Katibi_, or private secretary, of the _Kiaya-bey_ were attached to the _Kiaya-bey_. The greater and lesser _Teskerejis_, or masters of petitions, were attached to the _Chaush-bashi_. The _Beylikji_, mentioned above as head of the three bureaus of the chancery, and the _Mektubji_, or private secretary of the grand vizier, in which office he was assisted by a bureau of thirty clerks, were attached to the _Reis Effendi_.