[131] Spandugino, 78, is probably wrong in his statement that the girls of the harem were recruited from gifts, _tithes_, and _tribute_. The small number of women in the harem would make the elaborate process of tribute-taking unnecessary. [132] Postel, i. 34. [133] Navagero, 75; Jovius, _Historiarum_, ii. 371. But Bragadin, 101, calls her a Montenegrin, and Ludovisi, 29, an Albanian; while Busbecq (_Life and Letters_, i. 178) says that she came from the Crimea. Gomara indicates that her Turkish name was Gul-behar, the Rose of Spring (Merriman, _Gomara’s Annals of Charles V_, 141). This confusion of knowledge in regard to so important a personage gives evidence of the secrecy which surrounded the sultan’s harem. [134] See below, p. 79, note 2. [135] Hammer, _Geschichte_, i. 232. Spandugino, 69, says that many were made such. Menavino, who was himself a page, says that very few were so treated, and only for punishment (_Trattato_, 138). [136] Spandugino, 69; Busbecq, _Life and Letters_, i. 237. [137] Menavino, 143; “Schaiui chiamati Bascia [pasha].” [138] Busbecq, _Life and Letters_, i. 112. Selim I, married a princess, daughter of the Khan of the Crimean Tartars. This appears to have been the last of such alliances, of which there were a number in earlier times. [139] D’Ohsson, vi. 9. [140] _Ibid._ vii. 177. In 1537, Junis Bey (below, p. 265) says that Ayas had 600 slaves, Mustapha 200, Kassim 150, Barbarossa 100. But this account must contain misprints or errors; for Ramberti (below, p. 246) says that in 1534, Ibrahim had more than 6000 slaves, Ayas 2000, Kassim 1500, and Barbarossa about 4000. Bragadin, 103, said in 1526, that Ibrahim had 1500 slaves, Mustapha 700, Ayas 600. Junis Bey (256-258) says further that the _Beylerbeys_ of Rumelia and Anatolia and Caramania had 1000 slaves each, the _Beylerbey_ of Syria 2000, the _Beylerbey_ of Cairo 4000, etc. Iskender Chelebi had 6000 slaves (Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 144). Geuffroy, 240, says of the viziers: “Tous ont saray de femmes et d’enfans comme ledict grant Turc.” See also Menavino, 143; and Ramberti’s description of Alvise Gritti’s household at the close of his third book. [141] Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 157. Seven of his slaves became viziers and grand viziers, among them Mohammed Sokolli. [142] Iskender Chelebi was followed to war by 1200 horsemen (Hammer, _Geschichte_, iii. 144). Rustem trained 200 carbineers as part of his household (Busbecq, _Life and Letters_, i. 242). [143] Garzoni, 413, says that 1000 _Spahis_ were assigned to the retinue of the grand vizier, and 500 to those of each of the other pashas. [144] _Tractatus_, ch. vii. [145] D’Ohsson, i. 49.