[450] Hammer (_Staatsverwaltung_, 30) erroneously says that the pages of these _odalar_ attended to the lowest duties of the palace, and were recruited from three palace schools outside. Navagero, 44, disproves this. [451] An additional chamber, the _Seferli Odassi_, or Chamber of Campaign, was instituted by Murad IV to attend to his laundry work and other special duties in time of war. The membership was chosen out of the educational _odalar_, and it ranked next after the _Kiler Odassi_. See Hammer, _Staatsverwaltung_, 28. [452] Ricaut, 47. [453] Ramberti, below, p. 255. [454] Ramberti and Junis Bey, below, pp. 245, 264. [455] Menavino, 160 ff. [456] Zinkeisen, iii. 181, states erroneously on the authority of Trevisano, 125 (meaning p. 128), that these were all Turks and of noble blood. The fact that Menavino, 146, calls them “schiaui” is sufficient disproof. Zinkeisen also quotes Spandugino, 114, to the effect that the _Muteferrika_ were all lords, or sons of princes or of lords; but Spandugino, 62, says that pages pass to the office of _Muteferrika_ from the highest four offices at least. Trevisano, 127, says, “Li quali sono giovani nati Turchi, _e figliuoli d’uomini di autorità_” (italics not in original); but “men of authority” were practically all renegades. Moro, 341, calls them, in 1590, sons of the principal Turks. The fact seems to be that most of the _Muteferrika_ were Ottomans of the second generation (_i. e._, sons of renegades) and that the rest were regarded as ennobled by passage through the high offices of the _Khas Oda_. [457] Menavino, 155 (he says they were Persians); Nicolay, 98; Ramberti, below, p. 251. [458] Spandugino, 116, gives the number 300, and says that they became Janissaries. Menavino, 140, mentions 500. Ramberti (pp. 246, 253) mentions 250 at the principal palace and 100 at the palace of the harem; the latter he calls Janissaries. [459] Junis Bey, below, p. 265. [460] Spandugino, 125. [461] Postel, iii. 9. [462] Ricaut, 373. In his time they numbered 500 or 600. [463] Junis Bey, 263. Ramberti, 245, speaks of 35, which is clearly too few. [464] Postel, iii. 11. [465] Menavino, 129. In D’Ohsson’s time (vii. 15) this official was also the jailer and presiding executioner of the palace, inspector of the water supply and forests near the capital, and overseer of hunting and fishing and of the trade in wine and lime. How many of these functions he exercised under Suleiman seems not to have been recorded. In Spandugino’s time (p. 118) the chief _Kapuji_ was presiding executioner. [466] Ramberti, 251; Junis Bey, 268. [467] Menavino, 150. They were not _kullar_. Cf. the _Zainogiler_, below, pp. 252, 268. [468] Shortened in use to _Miri-akhor_, _Imrakhor_, _Imbrahor_, _Imbroor_, _Imror_, etc. [469] D’Ohsson, vii. 17; Menavino, 148-150. [470] A short form of _Emir-Alem_. [471] Menavino, 145.