Attached to the regular army there were also various auxiliary corps of armorers, cannoneers, men of transport service, musicians, commissaries, and the like, to the number of three or four thousand in all.[374] The Tartars of the Crimea, and the Moldavians and Wallachians, were also obliged to furnish contingents.[375] All told, the enrolled strength of the entire army was something more or less than two hundred thousand men. But, since the _Spahis_ were required to bring other fighting men with them in proportion to their revenues, since numerous slaves and private servants accompanied the soldiers, and since the feudal and irregular troops were joined by great numbers of volunteers, both horse and foot, high and low, the complete army for the greatest expeditions probably numbered about three hundred thousand men.[376] At the close of Suleiman’s reign the paid nucleus was about fifty thousand strong; the feudal _Spahis_ for a European campaign numbered about sixty thousand, with perhaps a like number of helpers. The remaining troops were of no great value in battle, unless to break the first shock of the enemy’s charge. They served chiefly to lay waste the hostile country and to gather booty and slaves. DISCIPLINE AND ARDOR Contemporary observers were strongly impressed with the wonderful discipline and intense zeal for fighting that was seen among the Turks. The silence, order, and cleanliness of the camps, the absolute obedience, enforced if need be by severe punishments and executions, the submissiveness to long marches, hard labor, and scanty food, the eagerness for battle, the joy in conflict, the recklessness of life, presented a perfection of discipline, self-control, and single-hearted purpose that seemed miraculous. A few of the many witnesses may be heard briefly: “The Turks come together for war as though they had been invited to a wedding.”[377] “The Great Turk is the best obeyed by his subjects of all the lords that I know.”[378] “I think there is no prince in all the world who has his armies and camps in better order, both as regards the abundance of victuals and of all other necessities which are usually provided, and as regards the beautiful order and manner they use, in encamping without any confusion or embarrassment.”[379] “Their military discipline has such justice and severity as easily to surpass the ancient Greeks and Romans; the Turks surpass our soldiers for three reasons: they obey their commanders promptly; they never show the least concern for their lives in battle; they can live a long time without bread and wine, content with barley and water.”[380] “Peace and silence reign in a Turkish camp.... Such is the result produced by military discipline, and the stern laws bequeathed them by their ancestors.”[381] “It is marvellous how the force and rigor of justice increase in war.... If the soldiers rob or beat, the head comes off, or they are so beaten that they can never be well again.”[382]