The Grand Fleet, 1914-1916 : $b its creation, development and workJellicoe, John Rushworth
History
The Grand Fleet, 1914-1916 : $b its creation, development and work
Jellicoe, John Rushworth
Great Britain. Royal Navy; Jutland, Battle of, 1916; World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations
On December 10th the new battleships _Benbow_ and _Emperor of India_
arrived from Berehaven to strengthen the 4th Battle Squadron, and
proved very welcome additions to the Fleet. They, as well as all
other new ships joining, necessarily spent several weeks in practices
before becoming efficient to join the Fleet at sea, or to take part in
action. Owing to the hurried completion of these two ships, a great
deal of fitting work was also required before they were in a proper
condition, and this delayed their practices considerably. On the 11th
another gale was experienced which lasted until the 14th. The weather
during this period was very bad, and ships at sea (including the 1st
Battle Squadron which returned to Scapa on the 12th) met with very bad
weather. Destroyers on patrol were unable to maintain their stations
and were forced to run for shelter, and one of them, the _Cockatrice_,
suffered some damage.
On the 12th the work of retubing the port condenser of the _King George
V._ was completed; the starboard condenser was not taken in hand owing
to the small margin of superiority of the Battle Fleet over the High
Sea Fleet at this time.
During this stay of the Battle Fleet some very necessary work in the
ships of the “Iron Duke” class was partially carried out. These ships
were the first modern battleships fitted with 6-inch guns for their
secondary armament, and the gunports were very low. Early in the War
it was found necessary to unship the ports altogether, as the sea
washed them away constantly. Water then had free access to the inside
of the ship through the opening between the revolving shield and the
ship’s side, and, except in fine weather, water entered freely. In bad
weather the water, as deep as three to four inches, was continually
washing about the living decks and finding its way below through the
open hatches, to the great discomfort of the ship’s company, who were
continually wet, and to the detriment of efficiency. Arrangements were
devised on board the _Iron Duke_ to overcome this trouble, and steps
taken to have all the necessary fittings made at various contractors’
yards. A partial bulkhead was fitted in rear of the guns to confine
the water which entered the ship, and watertight indiarubber joints
provided between the gun shields and the ship’s side. The result was
satisfactory, and similar changes were made in the ships of the “Queen
Elizabeth” class and in the _Tiger_. The two after 6-inch guns, which
were on the main deck level, were removed altogether at the first
opportunity, and the ship’s side and armour completed in the after
embrasure in all these ships, as it was apparent that these guns could
never be worked at sea, being only a few feet above the water line.
The guns themselves were mounted in new unarmoured casemates on the
superstructure deck level. The work connected with the forward 6-inch
guns was entirely carried out at Scapa, with the ships at short notice
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