58 Banishment of Cicero. Theatre of Cæsar defeats the Helvetians Curio built 57 Recall of Cicero Cæsar defeats the Nervu 56 Renewal of the “Triumverate” at Cæsar defeats the Veneti by Lucca sea 55 Dedication of theatre of Pompeius Cæsar invades Britain 54 Second invasion of Britain 53 Defeat of Crassus by the Parthians. Cæsar subdues the Treveri, and crosses the Rhine 52 Senate-house burnt in a riot. Pompeius Great revolt of Gaul under passes laws against Cæsar Vercingetorix crushed at Alesia 51 Final subjugation of Gaul Cicero governor of Cilicia 49 Cæsar begins the Civil War 48 Battle of Pharsalus, defeat of Pompeius Cæsar regulates Egypt, leaving Cleopatra as queen 46 Final defeat of Pompeians at Thapsus in Africa. Cæsar dictator. Dedication of new Forum Julium, and temple of Venus Genetrix 45 Cæsar enlarges the Senate and regulates the municipal constitutions of the Italian towns 44 Assassination of Cæsar. M. Antonius in command of Rome. Cicero’s _Philippics_ 43 Octavian, Cæsar’s heir, with the consuls defeats Antony at Mutina, and is elected consul. Second Triumvirate formed, Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus. Proscription of the tyrannicide party, including Cicero 42 Battles of Philippi. Defeat of Brutus and Cassius. Temple of Saturn rebuilt 41 War at Perusia, in which Octavian M. Antonius with Cleopatra in crushes the revolt of L. Antonius Egypt 37 Library of Pollio founded. Octavian marries Livia 36 Sextus Pompeius defeated. Lepidus Antony defeated in Parthia deprived of his army 31 Defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium by Octavian 30 Publication of Horace’s _Epodes_ Conquest of Egypt 29 Triumph of Cæsar Octavianus 28 Census and restoration of Senate. Mœsia made a province Dedication of temple and library of Palatine Apollo, eighty-two temples restored 27 “Restoration of the Republic” really Provinces divided between the beginning of the Empire. Cæsar and Senate. Cæsar Octavian receives the title of takes Spain, Gaul, Syria, and _Augustus_. Pantheon of M. Agrippa keeps Egypt built