249 _Decius_ Persecution of Christians Defeat of the Goths in Thrace Decius fell in the fighting 251 _Gallus_ 253 _Æmilianus_ 253 _Valerianus_ Wars against German invaders, Franks, Alemanni, and Goths. Expedition to Persia. Emperor captured 260 _Gallienus._ Time of great confusion Tetricus sets up a rival empire owing to pretenders. “The in Gaul and Spain. Odenathus thirty tyrants” sets up an independent kingdom at Palmyra in Syria 268 _Claudius Gothicus_ Defeats German invaders 270 _Aurelian_ (“Restitutor Orbis”). Wall Sacrifices Dacia across the round Rome Danube to the Goths. Repulses Alemanni and Marcomanni from Italian soil. Defeats Zenobia and destroys Palmyra. Defeats Tetricus 273 Temple of the Sun constructed at Heliopolis (Ba’albek) 275 _Tacitus_ (choice of the Senate) 276 _Probus_ Drives back the Barbarians and restores the defences 282 _Carus_, then _Numerianus_, then _Carinus_ 284 _Diocletian_ resided chiefly at Nicomedia Persians defeated, Egyptian to in Asia Minor, leaving the and British revolts crushed 305 west to Maximian, Constantius and Galerius appointed Cæsars. Persecution of Christians 307 Six “Augusti” claiming the purple, Constantine of Britain among them 323 _Constantine the Great_ (sole emperor). to Christianity recognised by the 337 State 325 Arian conflict, Council of Nicæa 330 Building of Constantinople 361 _Julian the Apostate_ endeavours to to revive Paganism 363 375 Beginning of the great German folk-wanderings 379 _Theodosius_ After Theodosius the Visigoths received in Mœsia to division of the Empire becomes if Christians Massacre of 395 permanent Thessalonica (St. Ambrose of Milan) 395 Arcadius rules the East. Honorius rules the West WEST 400 Alaric invades Italy 402 Imperial residence transferred from Rome to Ravenna