The name Bourquiniana was given by Munson, who ranks the group as a species. He includes therein many southern varieties the most important of which are: Herbemont, Bertrand, Cunningham, and Lenoir, these he groups in the Herbemont section; and Devereaux, Louisiana and Warren, he puts in the Devereaux section. Munson has traced the history of this interesting group and states that it was brought from southern France to America over 150 years ago by the Bourquin family of Savannah, Georgia. Many botanists have been of the opinion that Bourquiniana is a hybrid. Engelmann says: "I will only state here that a slight suspicion exists of their being hybrids between _V. aestivalis_ and some form of _vinifera_ though the seeds are entirely those of the former and also the resistance to phylloxera." Millardet considers Bourquiniana to be a mixed hybrid of Aestivalis, Cinerea and Vinifera. The hybrid supposition is certainly corroborated to a degree at least by the characters being more or less intermediate between the parent species and also by the fact that up to date no wild form of Bourquiniana has been found. Munson's derivation of the origin has not been accepted by either French or American botanists. In this connection Bailey says: "It is unassumable that a native grape distributed through the Mediterranean region could have escaped for centuries the critical search of European botanists and the knowledge of hundreds of generations of vignerons to be discovered at last transplanted in the new world." Bush says: "This reminds us forcibly of the '_Pedro Ximenes_' (called also White Green Riesling), which was believed to have been brought to Spain from the banks of the _Moselle_ by the man whose name it bears." Count Odart, a celebrated ampelograph, wittily said: "If he (Ximenes) took any he took ALL, for no _such_ vine grows now north of the Pyrenees.' Thus we also think: If Mr. Bourquin took any of the above grapes he took ALL, for no _Herbemont_ or _Lenoir_ can now be found native in Europe." The only northern variety of grape of any importance that is supposed to have Bourquiniana blood is the Delaware,[147] and in this case only a fraction of Bourquiniana blood is presumably present. Bourquiniana can be propagated from cuttings more easily than the typical Aestivalis but not so readily as Labrusca, Riparia or Vinifera. Many of the varieties of Bourquiniana show a marked susceptibility to mildew and black-rot; in fact, the whole Herbemont group is much inferior in this respect to the Norton group of Aestivalis. The roots are somewhat hard, branch rather freely and are quite resistant to phylloxera. 19. =VITIS BICOLOR= Le Conte.[148]