=1.= Linnaeus, _Sp. Pl._, =1=:202. 1753. =2.= Speechly, =1791=:1. =3.= Willdenow, _Sp. Pl._, =1=:1180. 1797. =4.= Bartram, _Dom. Enc._, =5=:289. 1804. =5.= Rafinesque, =1830=:7. _Wine Grape._ =6.= Darlington, _Fl. Cest._, =1853=:49. _Wine grape_; _Foreign grape_. =7.= Buckley, _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._, =1861=:480. _European grape._ =8.= Stayman, _Gar. Mon._, =11=:38. 1869. _European grape._ =9.= Bush, _Grape Cult._, =1=:140. 1869. _European grape._ =10.= Engelmann, _Mo. Ent. Rpt._, =1874=:74. =11.= Moore, _Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt._, =1875=:36. =12.= Engelmann, _Bush. Cat._, =1883=:11, 12, 13, 14, 19. =13.= Munson, _Am. Hort. Soc. Rpt._, =1885=:137. =14.= De Candolle, _Or. Cult. Pl._, =1885=:191. =15.= Onderdonk, _U. S. D. A. Rpt._, =1887=:652. =16.= Planchon, _De Candolle's Mon. Phan._, =5=:324, 355. 1887. =17.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._, =1889=:107, 109. =18.= Husmann, =1895=:29, 187. =19.= Munson, _Rural N. Y._, =56=:610. 1897. =20.= Ib., _Tex. Sta. Bul._, =56=:231, 233, 240. 1900. _Asiatic Wine grape._ =21.= Bailey, _Cyc. Am. Hort._, =4=:1956. 1902. _fig. of leaves._ _Wine grape_; _European grape_. =22.= Viala and Ravaz, _Am. Vines_, =1903=:42, 115. Quite variable in vigor, not so high climbing as most American species. Tendrils intermittent. Leaves rounded-cordate, rather thin, rather-smooth, and when young, shining, frequently more or less deeply three-, five-, or even seven-lobed; usually glabrous but in some varieties the leaves and young shoots are hairy and even downy when young; lobes rounded or pointed; teeth variable; petiolar sinus deep, narrow, usually overlapping. Fruit, of cultivated varieties at least, very variable in size and color. Berries of cultivated varieties usually oval though many varieties are globular fruited. Seeds variable in size and shape, usually notched at upper end and characterized always by bottle-necked, elongated beak; a rather broad, usually rough, slightly distinct chalaza situated rather high up on the seed; raphe indistinct. Flowers soon after Labrusca. The roots are large, soft and spongy. A very variable species. [Illustration: SHOOT OF _VITIS VINIFERA_]