Leaf-buds open in mid-season, of average size, long, somewhat thick, conical to nearly obtuse. Young leaves tinged with carmine on lower side and along margin of upper side, prevailing color pale green. Leaves of average size, thick; upper surface light green, dull, moderately smooth; lower surface pale green, slightly pubescent, flocculent; leaf not lobed, terminus somewhat acute; petiolar sinus deep, narrow, often overlapping; lateral sinus very shallow when present; teeth shallow, wide. Flowers occasionally on plan of six, nearly self-fertile, open medium late; stamens upright. Fruit ripens soon after Concord, keeps until mid-winter. Clusters variable averaging medium to large, short, rather broad, tapering to somewhat cylindrical, sometimes single-shouldered, somewhat loose; peduncle medium to short, nearly thick; pedicel of average length, usually thick, covered with few warts, much enlarged at point of attachment; brush very short, pale green. Berries nearly large, roundish to slightly oval, dark and dull purplish-red somewhat resembling Catawba, covered with lilac bloom, very persistent. Skin thick, tough, adheres slightly to the pulp, contains no pigment, somewhat astringent. Flesh pale green, translucent, tough, slightly stringy, rather solid, foxy, good in quality. Seeds somewhat adherent, two to five averaging four, large, rather narrow, long, often with slightly enlarged neck, blunt, brownish; raphe usually distinct, shows as a ridge in the bottom of a broad groove; chalaza rather large, distinctly above center, not obscure. ALEXANDER. (Labrusca, Vinifera?) =1.= _Dom. Enc._, =1804=:291. =2.= McMahon, =1806=:235. =3.= Johnson, =1806=:164. =4.= Adlum, =1823=:139. =5.= _Ib._, =1823=:140. =6.= Dufour, =1826=:5, 9, 24, 55, 116, 207, 247, 255. =7.= Adlum, =1828=:173. =8.= Ib., =1828=:174. =9.= Prince, =1830=:173, 216, 219. =10.= Ib., =1830=:174. =11.= Ib., =1830=:200. =12.= Downing, =1845=:253. =13.= _U. S. Pat. Off. Rpt._, =1847=:462. =14.= _Ib._, =1847=:468. =15.= _Ib._, =1856=:434. =16.= _Bush. Cat._, =1883=:68. _Alexander's_ (7, 15). _Alexandria_ (15). _Black Grape_ (16). _Buck Grape_ (11). CAPE (6, 15). _Cape grape_ (12, 13, 16). _Cape of Good Hope grape_ (9, 10). CLIFTON'S CONSTANTIA (4, 8, 10). _Clifton's Constantia_ (12, 16). _Columbian_ (11). _Constantia_ (6, 16). _Madeira of York, Pa._ (12). _Rothrock of Prince_ (16). SCHUYLKILL MUSCADEL (5, 7, 13). _Schuylkill Muscadel_ (9, 12, 14, 15, 16). _Schuylkill Muscadine_ (12). _Spring Mill Constantia_ (9, 12, 16). _Tasker's grape_ (1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 16). _Vevay_ (13, 15, 16). WINNE (11). _Winne_ (12, 16). _York Lisbon_ (16).