Under reasonably favorable conditions the vines attain great age and great size, and when grown on arbors, as they usually are, and without pruning, they cover a large area. The vines are planted from fifteen to forty feet apart in the vineyard, and the first year or two are trained to posts. Later the tops of these posts are connected by cross-bars and an arbor is thus formed. Pruning usually consists of removing dead wood but a few growers have always taken exception to the customary non-pruning method of treating the Rotundifolia. Lately Newman, of South Carolina, has published a bulletin[129] in which he recommends that the vines be pruned and raised on a trellis as is customary with other grapes. He gives figures to show that the damage to Rotundifolia vines is due to the bleeding that follows pruning and that this bleeding may be obviated by pruning in the fall or early winter. The success of such a practice would undoubtedly place the culture of Rotundifolia varieties on a better commercial footing. Rotundifolia is remarkably resistant to the attacks of all insects and to fungal diseases. The phylloxera do not attack its roots and it is considered as resistant as any other, if not the most resistant of all American species. It is grown from cuttings only with difficulty. However, under favorable circumstances, and with skilful handling, this is a successful method of propagation. Under unfavorable circumstances, or where only a few vines are desired, it is better to depend on layers. As a stock upon which to graft other vines this species has not been a success. Wylie found great difficulty in crossing Rotundifolia with other species, and the crosses did not thrive under cultivation. Lately Munson has introduced several Rotundifolia hybrids. 2. =VITIS MUNSONIANA= Simpson. =1.= (?) Rafinesque, =1830=:17. V. PELTATA; _V. Floridana_. =2.= Munson, _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._, =1885=:97. V. FLORIDANA; _Florida grape_. =3.= Ib., _Gar. Mon._, =28=:140. 1886. V. FLORIDANA; _V. peltata_; _Florida grape_. =4.= Ib., _Soc. Prom. Ag. Sci. Rpt._, =1887=:59. _Everbearing grape._ =5.= Ib., _Gar. and For._, =3=:474, 475. 1890. =6.= Ib., _U. S. D. A. Pom. Bul._, =3=:14. 1890. =7.= Ib., _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._, =1893=:116. _Bird grape; Everbearing grape._ =8.= Ib., _Bush. Cat._, =1894=:20. _Bird grape; Mustang grape_ of Chapman. =9.= Bailey, _Gray's Syn. Fl._, =1=:421. 1897. _Mustang grape_ of Florida; _Bird grape_; _Everbearing grape_. =10.= Munson, _Tex. Sta. Bul._, =56=:232, 241. 1900. _Florida Bird grape._ =11.= Viala and Ravaz, _Am. Vines_, =1903=:42, 45.