[84] Hippe is in error, however, when he says (p. 178) that the division is everywhere modified in the European variants. See Russian II., IV., V. and VI., Bulgarian, and Esthonian II. Moreover, I believe that Hippe's theory puts the cart before the horse--that the actual division is not so ancient a trait as it seems. See pp. 74, 75 below. [85] See Hippe, p. 146. [86] See chapter vii. [87] See p. 47, note, above. [88] P. 19. [89] See Hippe, pp. 148 f. [90] See note by Schott, p. 473, in which he gives evidence based on personal knowledge, and Grimm, Geschichte der deutschen Sprache, p. 92. I have touched on the matter in Engl. Stud. xxxvi. 195-201. [91] This trait is found not infrequently in other settings. See, for example, Vernaleken, Oesterreichische Kinder- und Hausmaerchen, p. 141. [92] This trait recalls Puss in Boots, which is otherwise compounded with The Grateful Dead. See preceding chapter, p. 42, and p. 70 below. [93] See chapter vii. [94] Kennedy says, p. 38: "In some versions of 'Jack the Master,' etc., Jack the servant is the spirit of the dead man." [95] Chapter vi. [96] See chapter vii. [97] The three rods with which the princess is flogged are found in Harz I. See pp. 69, 70 below. [98] See p. 62, note 2. [99] Pp. 10 f. [100] Gayley, Representative English Comedies, 1903, pp. 333-384. [101] P. 345. [102] Pp. 176-178. [103] Russian V. and VI. are, of course, exceptions, since the woman is there a vampire. [104] See his scheme on page 181. [105] See above, p. 1. [106] See above, pp. 2 and 5. [107] Pp. 170-175. [108] P. 173. [109] See also the school drama cited by Koehler, Germania III. 208 f. The elements of Der gute Gerhard, foreign to The Ransomed Woman, I have treated in the Publications of the Modern Lang. Ass. 1905, xx. 529-545. [110] The same is true of the story related of St. Catharine, analyzed by Simrock, pp. 110-113, and cited by Hippe, p. 166, from Scala Celi, by Johannes Junior (Gobius), under Castitas. Hippe, as shown by his scheme on p. 181, places this under "Legendarische Formen mit Loskauf." As a matter of fact, it is plainly a specimen of The Calumniated Woman. [111] Hippe's "Lithuanian II." [112] Breton III., though placed here, has peculiar traits, which require special consideration. [113] Koehler, followed by Hippe, p. 145, makes the hero live for fifteen years on the island, while Mme. Mijatovich gives the time as stated. As I have no knowledge of Servian, I cannot tell which is in the right. Hippe's analysis is otherwise faulty. [114] See Hippe, p. 151. [115] Ibid. [116] Hippe fails to note that the hero used all his money on the first journey in burying the dead, and that it was on a second trip that he bought the king's daughter. [117] Origenes de la Novela, ii. xcv. [118] An odd inconsistency appears in the statement of the Latin that after the hero's second voyage "pater suus et mater" were angry with him. [119] So, too, with Transylvanian. See above, pp. 79f.