The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk StoryGerould, Gordon Hall
General
The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk Story
Gerould, Gordon Hall
Dead -- Folklore; Folk literature -- Themes, motives; Grateful dead (Tale)
Though this version clearly belongs in the category now under
discussion, it has certain features that can be explained only on
the supposition that Trancoso altered his source to suit his personal
fancy. The clever substitute for actual burial, the duplication of that
trait (which occurs nowhere else), the humorous touch with reference
to the hero's success in selling relics, and the appearance of the
ghosts as minstrels, are all strokes of individual invention. The
wanderings of the hero and his manner of revealing himself to the
princess are doubtless reminiscences from the popular romances of
Spain, while the tournament probably comes, as Menendez y Pelayo hints,
[117] from an earlier version of our theme, Oliver, which will be
treated below. In spite of these peculiarities, the ordinary features
of the combined theme are not more obscured than in the two preceding
variants. The agreement, the division, and the rescue are the only
ones that disappear.
In the fourteenth century variant from Scala Celi, Nicholas, our
story is altogether transformed into a legend. The only son of a widow
[118] of Bordeaux is sent as a merchant to a distant city with fifty
pounds. He gives it all to help rebuild a church of St Nicholas, and
returns home empty-handed. Much later he is sent out with one hundred
pounds, and buys the Sultan's daughter. His mother disowns him, and
he is supported by the embroidery which the princess makes. With her
wares he goes to a festival at Alexandria, but, at her bidding, keeps
away from the castle. When he journeys to Alexandria a second time,
however, he goes to the castle and is imprisoned, as the handiwork
of the princess is recognized. She is sent for, while the hero is
released and goes home. Since he does not find the maiden there, he
returns to Alexandria with a piece of embroidery which she has sent
him, meets her, and elopes by the aid of St. Nicholas, who sends them
a ship opportunely.
Because of its legendary character the variant has been materially
transformed, but not beyond recognition. The thankful dead is replaced
by the saint throughout, so that the burial is altered into church
building, and both the agreement and the division of the gains
disappear. The various elements of The Ransomed Woman fare better:
the act of treachery done the hero is the only one lacking, and that
perhaps is replaced by his imprisonment in the Sultan's castle. It
is remarkable that the details of the narrative have been so little
altered in spite of its complete change of purpose.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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