Sp. or S. Histiæus’ attempt on Miletus. A. Histiæus goes to Byzantion. Persian reinforcements arriving in Asia Minor. Some Carian and Ionian cities begin to make terms with the Persian. 494 Sp. Miletus attacked. Sp. or S. Battle of Ladé. S. Capture of Miletus. A. Reduction of Caria. Histiæus at Chios and Thasos. 494–493 W. Persian fleet at Miletus. Sp. Histiæus’ death. Reduction of the islands and of the towns on the mainland. CHAPTER IV. PERSIAN OPERATIONS IN EUROPE: B.C. 493–490. MARATHON. There had been a passive as well as an active side to the revolt. Its effects had been more far reaching than its activities. On the European side the Hellespont region,[49] Thrace and Macedonia had thrown off the Persian yoke, but there is no record of their having joined in the offensive against the Persian. The Hellespontine cities on the Asiatic shore had been already reduced. ◆H. vi. 33.◆ The fleet now proceeded to the reduction of the further shore of the Propontis. Miltiades’ principality in the Thracian Chersonese, Perinthos, the forts Thraceward, together with Selymbria, Byzantion, and Kalchedon were subjugated once more. From Byzantion and Kalchedon the inhabitants fled to the Pontus, whither the Phœnicians did not, possibly dare not, follow them. These towns were burnt. The position of Miltiades during the years of the revolt is another of the many obscure points of the history of the time. ◆H. vi. 40.◆ According to Herodotus, he had been driven out of his principality somewhere about the year 496 by a Scythian raid, which is alleged to have been an act of revenge for Darius’ expedition; and had only been restored to it subsequently by the aid of the Dolonki, the race which had originally handed over the district to the rule of his family. He appears at Marathon as a practised general; yet there is no trace whatever of his part in the revolt having been other than purely passive. His act seems, indeed, to have been rather defection than revolt.[50] On the evidence available, nothing is clear but that Miltiades considered that he had hopelessly compromised himself with the insurgents; so much so, that, when he heard the Persian fleet was at Tenedos, he placed his movable property on five triremes and set sail for Athens.