The great Persian War and its preliminaries : $b A study of the evidence, literary and topographicalGrundy, G. B. (George Beardoe)
History
The great Persian War and its preliminaries : $b A study of the evidence, literary and topographical
Grundy, G. B. (George Beardoe)
Greece -- History -- Persian Wars, 500-449 B.C.
The news that the Persians had discovered the existence of the path,
and had despatched a body of men to seize it, was brought to the Greek
camp by deserters during the night; its actual seizure seems to have
been reported after dawn by scouts, who probably made their way down
from the Phocian position by the precipitous mountain slopes east of
the middle gate. The tale of what ensued is thus told by Herodotus:—
“On hearing this news, the Greeks consulted together; and their
opinions were divided. Some were against deserting the position,
others of the opposite view. After this they separated, and some went
off, and, dispersing, went each to their several cities, while others
prepared to remain where they were with Leonidas. There is another
tale to the effect that Leonidas sent them away, in his anxiety to
save their lives, telling them, however, that it did not stand with
his honour and that of the Spartans present to leave the post they
had originally come to guard. I myself am most inclined to think that
Leonidas, when he saw that the allies were dispirited and unwilling to
share the danger, ordered them to depart, but thought it ignoble to do
so himself. For if he remained at his post, a great and glorious name
awaited him, and the prosperity of Sparta would not be blotted out.”
◆H. vii. 220.◆
The explanation of the last words is given in the tale which Herodotus
then proceeds to tell, to the effect that the Pythian oracle had
announced to Sparta, quite at the beginning of the war, that either
Sparta would be destroyed by the barbarians, or that its king would
perish. Herodotus thinks that it was because Leonidas remembered this
oracle, and wished to gain glory for the Spartans alone, that he sent
the allies away. He is more inclined to believe this than that
the allies, owing to a quarrel with him, went after so undisciplined a
fashion.
He regards as evidence in favour of this view the fact that Leonidas
ordered the seer Megistios, an Acarnanian, who had the previous night
warned them of the coming disaster, to depart; which he refused to do.
◆H. vii. 222.◆
“The allies, then, who were dismissed, went away and obeyed Leonidas,
save the Thespians and Thebans, who alone remained with the
Lacedæmonians. Of these the Thebans stayed against their will, and not
wishing to do so, for Leonidas kept them in the guise of hostages. The
Thespians showed every will to remain, refusing to leave Leonidas and
those with him and depart. So they stayed with them and shared their
death. Their leader was Demophilos, the son of Diadromos.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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