The Great Steel Strike and its LessonsFoster, William Z.
History
The Great Steel Strike and its Lessons
Foster, William Z.
Steel Strike, U.S., 1919-1920; United States Steel Corporation
Great praise has been poured upon the State Constabulary for their
supposedly wonderful bravery and efficiency, because a few hundred of
them, scattered thinly through a score of towns, have been able
apparently to overawe many thousands of strikers. But the credit is
undeserved. In strikes they always form, in point of actual weight, an
insignificant part of the armed forces arrayed against the strikers. For
instance, in a steel town, during the strike, there would usually be a
dozen or so State Police and from 3,000 to 4,000 deputy sheriffs,
company police, etc. The latter classes of gunmen make up the body of
the real repressive force; the State Police are merely raiders. It is
their particularly dirty job to harass the enemy; to break the strike
by scientifically bulldozing the strikers in their homes and on the
streets. Thus they are thrown into the limelight, while the company
thugs remain in comparative obscurity.
The State Police feel reasonably sure of their skins when carrying on
their calculated campaigns of terrorism, for behind them are large
numbers of armed guards of various sorts ready to spring to their
support at an instant's notice, should the workers dare to resist them.
Besides, they know they have _carte blanche_ to commit the greatest
excesses, since the highest state officials, not to speak of local
courts and other authorities, give them undivided support. They are
above the law, when the rights of the workers are concerned. Moreover,
they realize fully that they can depend upon trade-union leaders to hold
the strikers in check from adopting measures of retaliation. Few of them
are hurt during their depredations. Once in a while, however, they drive
their victims to desperation and get themselves into trouble.
For example, a few days after a fight in Farrell, Pa., that cost the
strikers two dead and a dozen seriously wounded, the local secretary
there, S. Coates, was on his way to Ohio to hold a meeting, when the
delivery truck upon which he was riding overturned, rendering him
unconscious. He woke up in a Sharon hospital. The six beds adjoining his
were occupied by Cossacks, injured in the riot started by themselves in
Farrell. The public knew nothing of their injuries, it being the regular
thing to suppress such facts, in order to surround the dreaded Cossacks
with a reputation for invulnerability. The way the latter "get even"
for their casualties is to victimize and outrage as many workers as they
think necessary to balance the score. But such methods cannot go on
indefinitely. It will be marvellous, indeed, if some day the State
Constabulary, with their policy of deliberate intimidation, are not the
means of causing riots such as this country has not yet experienced in
labor disputes. Not always will the unions be able to hold their men as
steady in the face of brutal provocation as they did in the recent steel
strike.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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