The Great White North: The story of polar exploration from the earliest times to the discovery of the poleWright, Helen S. (Helen Saunders)
History
The Great White North: The story of polar exploration from the earliest times to the discovery of the pole
Wright, Helen S. (Helen Saunders)
Arctic regions; North Pole
Lieutenant John W. Danenhower, U. S. N., was appointed navigator; Dr. J.
M. Ambler, surgeon; Jerome J. Collins, meteorologist; Raymond L. Newcomb,
naturalist; and William M. Dunbar, ice pilot.
The _Jeannette_ left San Francisco July 8, and moved slowly toward the
Golden Gate amid the cheers and waving of handkerchiefs from thousands
of spectators on the wharves and on Telegraph Hill. A salute of ten guns
was fired from Fort Point, while a convoy of white-sailed craft of the
San Francisco Yacht Club escorted her out to the broad Pacific. Pursuing
her course, the _Jeannette_ made for Ounalaska, one of the Aleutian
Islands, which she reached August 2. There additional stores were taken
aboard, and four days later she pursued her course, to St. Michaels,
Alaska, where she anchored the 12th of August. Dogs and fur clothing were
purchased, and two Alaskans, Anequin and Alexai, were hired to accompany
the expedition as dog drivers. By the 25th of August, she had reached St.
Lawrence Bay, East Siberia, where Lieutenant De Long learned that a ship
supposed to be the _Vega_ had gone south in June. She then rounded East
Cape and touched at Cape Serdze, from which point Lieutenant De Long sent
his last letter home.
Captain Barnes of the American whale bark _Sea Breeze_ saw the
_Jeannette_ under full sail and steam, on the 2d of September, 1879,
about fifty miles south of Herald Island; on the 3d of September she was
sighted by Captain Kelley of the bark _Dawn_; and at about the same time
Captain Bauldry of the _Helen Mar_ and several other whalers saw smoke
from the _Jeannette’s_ smoke-stack in range of Herald Island. She was
standing north. These were the last tidings heard of the expedition by
the outside world for over two years.
On the 5th of September, the _Jeannette_, having boldly entered the ice
in an attempt to push through and winter at Herald Island or Wrangell
Land, was beset and never again left the ice-pack, but drifted at the
mercy of this formidable foe, until she was crushed, and finally sank
many months afterward.
Hoping against hope that a release would come, first in the fall with
the promise of Indian summer, then in the spring with the breaking up
of the ice-pack, Captain De Long saw the weeks and months glide by, and
followed the complicated drift of the _Jeannette_, as she coquetted with
her jailer, turning and twisting in her course, suffering the constant
pressure of her enemy, that hourly threatened her destruction and
pursuing an uneven drift north and eastward.
The daily routine during the long imprisonment was practically as
follows:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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