Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
Fifteen speeches of Lycurgus were preserved in antiquity, nearly all
accusations on serious charges. He prosecuted Euxenippus, whom Hyperides
defended; he spoke against the orator Demades, and, in alliance with
Demosthenes, against the sycophant Aristogiton. Other speeches known to
us by name are _Against Autolycus_, _Against Leocrates_, two speeches
_Against Lycophron_, _Against Lysicles_, _Against Menesaechmus_, a
_Defence of himself against Demades_, _Against Ischyrias_, πρὸς τὰς
μαντείας (obscure title), _Concerning his administration_, _Concerning
the priestess_, and _Concerning the priesthood_.[409]
Only one speech is now extant, the impeachment of Leocrates.
Leocrates, an Athenian, during the panic which succeeded the battle of
Chaeronea, fled from Athens to Rhodes, and thence migrated to Megara,
where he engaged in trade for five years. About 332 B.C. he returned
to Athens, thinking that his desertion would have been forgotten; but
Lycurgus prosecuted him as a traitor.
Only a small part of the speech is really devoted to proving the charge.
By § 36 Lycurgus regards it as generally admitted. The remaining
114 sections consist mostly of comment and digressions which aim at
emphasizing the seriousness of the crime and produce precedent for the
infliction of severe punishment in such cases.
_Analysis_
1. _Introduction._ Justice and piety demand that I should
bring Leocrates to trial (§§ 1-2); the part of a prosecutor
is unpopular, but it is my duty to undertake it (§§ 3-6).
This is a case of exceptional importance, and you must give
your decision without prejudice or partiality, emulating the
Areopagus (§§ 7-16).
2. _Narrative._ The flight of Leocrates to Rhodes. _Evidence_
(§§ 17-20). His move to Megara and occupation there. _Evidence_
(§§ 21-23).
3. _Argument._ Comments on the narrative. Possible line of
defence (§§ 24-35). The case is now proved. It remains to
describe the circumstances of Athens at the time when Leocrates
deserted her (§ 36).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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