Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
The speech throughout is frank and self-confident, but not by any means
boastful:
‘From such records as these you ought to judge a man who in his
public life is guided by ambition combined with moderation;
you ought not to detest a man because he does his hair in the
fashionable way: such habits hurt nobody personally, and do no
harm to the community; while all of you alike are benefited by
those who willingly face your enemies. So it is not fair either
to love or to hate any one on account of his looks; you should
judge by his actions. Many people who talk little and dress
quietly have been the authors of great harm, while others who
do not affect such deportment have done you great services....
‘I have observed, too, that some people are offended with me
because I have ventured to speak in public when I am in their
opinion too young: but in the first place I have been forced to
speak publicly about matters which concern me, and besides, I
think I am by nature somewhat excessively ambitious.
‘I reflect that my ancestors have never ceased to serve the
State, and—to be candid—I observe that you think that such
people alone deserve your notice.
‘Seeing that such is your opinion, who would not be encouraged
to act and speak on the State’s behalf? And why should you be
displeased with those who do so? No one else has a right to
judge them; it is for you alone.’[125]
A very different picture is that of the cripple (Oration xxiv.) who
defends himself on a charge of receiving a State pension under false
pretences. He seems to protest too much about his infirmity, his
poverty, and his general helplessness, while he keeps a sneering tone
throughout, and hardly troubles to conceal a malicious temper:
‘I am almost grateful to the prosecutor for instituting this
trial. Hitherto I have had no pretext for giving you an account
of my life: now I have obtained one—through him. In my speech
I shall attempt to show that he is a liar, and that up to the
present day my life has been one that should win praise rather
than be exposed to jealousy, for I cannot think that he has
brought me to trial from any other motive than jealousy. But
if a man feels jealousy towards one whom all others pity, what
baseness will he not sink to, do you suppose?
‘It is not to gain money that he has laid this information, and
he is not trying to punish an enemy; he is a bad character,
with whom I have had no dealings either friendly or hostile.
So it is clear, Gentlemen, that he is jealous of me because,
though thus afflicted, I am a better citizen than he is. For I
think that one should compensate for bodily misfortunes by good
habits of mind; and if I show a disposition of mind to match my
unfortunate body, and fashion my life accordingly, I shall be
as bad as he is....’[126]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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