The title of this chapter may have seemed to promise more than a casual mention of the thinker in whom Greek Humanism attained its loftiest and purest expression. But in history, no less than in life, Socrates must ever stand apart from the Sophists. Beyond and above all specialities of teaching, the transcendent dignity of a character which personified philosophy itself demands a separate treatment. Readers who have followed us thus far may feel interested in an attempt to throw some new light on one who was a riddle to his contemporaries, and has remained a riddle to after-ages. FOOTNOTES: [43] ‘Thou shalt not take that which is mine, and may I do to others as I would that they should do to me’ (Plato, _Legg._, 913, A. Jowett’s Transl., vol. V., p. 483). Isocrates makes a king addressing his governors say: ‘You should be to others what you think I should be to you’ (_Nicocles_, 49). And again: ‘Do not to others what it makes you angry to suffer yourselves’ (_Ibid._, 61). A similar observation is attributed to Thales, doubtless by an anachronism (Diogenes Laertius, I., i., 36). [44] We gladly avail ourselves of the masterly translation given by Prof. Jebb. The whole of this splendid passage will be found in his _Attic Orators_, vol. II., pp. 78-79. [45] _Symposium_, 211, C; Jowett’s Transl., vol. II. [46] Aesch., _Sep. con. Theb._, 592. [47] _Legg._, 727, E; Jowett’s Transl., V, 299. [48] See Plato’s _Charmides_; and Euripides’ _Medea_, 635 (Dindorf). [49] Pindar uses καιρός and μέτρον as synonymous terms. [50] _Opp. et D._, 271. [51] Hom. _Il._, IV., 160, 235; VII., 76, 411; XVI., 386. Hes., _Opp. et D._, 265. These references are copied from Welcker, _Griechische Götterlehre_, I., p. 178, q. v. [52] See Maine’s _Ancient Law_, chap. X., _The Early History of Delict and Crime_. [53] Preller, _Griechische Mythologie_, I., p. 523 (3rd ed.), with which cf. Welcker, _op. cit._, I., 234; and Mr. Walter Pater’s _Demeter and Persephone_, and _A Study of Dionysus_, in the _Fortnightly Review_ for Jan., Feb., and Dec. 1876. From their popular character, the country gods were favoured by the despots (Curtius, _Gr. Gesch._, I., p. 338). [54] Cf. Wordsworth— ‘Thou dost preserve the stars from wrong, And the most ancient heavens through thee are fresh and strong.’ _Ode to Duty._ [55] Pindar, _Olymp._, II., 57 ff.; and _Fragm._, 1-4 (Donaldson). [56] _Sep. con. Theb._, 662-71. [57] _Phoenissae_, 503-23. [58] Οὐ γὰρ ἄλλῳ γ’ ὑπακούσαιμεν τῶν νῦν μετεωροσοφιστῶν πλὴν ἢ Προδίκῳ, τῷ μὲν σοφίας καὶ γνώμης οὕνεκα κ.τ.λ.— _Nub._, 361-2. Cf. _Av._, 692. [59] Plato, _Protagoras_, 337, D; Jowett’s Transl., vol. I., p. 152. [60] _Nem._, VI., _sub. in._ [61] _Prom._, 518.