[80] Fig. 11 is taken from a photograph for which I am indebted to Professor Heinrich Bulle. He was also kind enough to express the following judgment with regard to the inscription: “Ich kann nicht mit Ch. Fränkel, _Satyr- und Bakchennamen auf Vasenbildern_ (1912), S. 35, der Lesung von Schulze (_Göttinger gel. Anz._ 1896, S. 254) ΣΙΒΥΡΤΑΣ zustimmen; denn die Inschrift ist ja rechtslaüfig. Man kann übrigens auch deutlich an dem Kleinerwerden der Buchstaben sehen, dass der Zeichner von links nach rechts geschrieben hat. Ich glaube mit Urlichs, (_Verzeichniss d. Antikensammlung d. Univ. Wurzburgs_, I, S. 50), dass es eine einfache Verschreibung aus ΣΑΤΥΡΟΣ ist.” The _membrum virile_ has been omitted in the reproduction. [81] Cf. the contemporaneous sileni in connection with the “wagon-ship” of Dionysus; see Fig. 65 and p. 121, below. [82] Why “almost” is inserted here does not appear. Many Greek divinities are mentioned on Ridgeway’s pages, but none is recognized as “totally independent” of the cult of the dead. [83] Cf. his _Dramas and Dramatic Dances_, etc., pp. 63, 337, 385, and _passim_. [84] Cf. Marrett, _Classical Review_, XXX (1916), 159. [85] Cf. Zieliński, _Die Gliederung der altattischen Komödie_ (1885); Humphreys, “The Agon of the Old Comedy,” _American Journal of Philology_, VIII (1887), 179 ff.; Poppelreuter, _De Comoediae Atticae Primordiis_ (1893); A. Körte, “Archäologische Studien zur alten Komödie,” _Jahrbuch d. archäologischen Instituts_, VIII (1893), 61 ff.; Loeschcke, _Athenische Mittheilungen_, XIX (1894), 518, note; Bethe, _Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Theaters im Alterthum_ (1896), pp. 48 ff.; Mazon, _Essai sur la Composition des Comédies d’Aristophane_ (1904); Capps, “The Introduction of Comedy into the City Dionysia,” _University of Chicago Decennial Publications_, VI (1904), 266 ff., and in Columbia University lectures on _Greek Literature_ (1912), pp. 124 ff.; Navarre, “Les origines et la structure technique de la comédie ancienne,” _Revue des Études anciennes_, XIII (1911), 245 ff.; White, _The Verse of Greek Comedy_ (1912); Cornford, _The Origin of Attic Comedy_ (1914), reviewed by Flickinger in _Classical Weekly_, VIII (1915), 221 ff.; and Ridgeway, _The Dramas and Dramatic Dances of Non-European Races with an Appendix on the Origin of Greek Comedy_ (1915), reviewed by Flickinger, _Classical Weekly_, XI (1918), 109 f. [86] I am indebted to Professor Capps for this translation; the word is generally taken to mean “masks” here. [87] Cf. Aristotle’s _Poetics_ 1449_a_37-_b_9. [88] The phallus was a representation of the _membrum virile_, and such ceremonies were primarily intended to secure fertility. [89] Cf. Aristotle’s _Poetics_ 1449_a_9-13.