The Greek View of LifeDickinson, G. Lowes (Goldsworthy Lowes)
Religion
The Greek View of Life
Dickinson, G. Lowes (Goldsworthy Lowes)
Greece -- Civilization
The sentiments of the poets are less admissible as evidence. But some of
them are so extreme that they may be adduced as a further indication of
a point of view whose prevalence alone could render them even
dramatically plausible. Such for example is the remark which Euripides
puts into the mouth of his Medea--"women are impotent for good, but
clever contrivers of all evil" [Footnote: Euripides, Medea. 406.]; or
that of one of the characters of Menander, "a woman is necessarily an
evil, and he is a lucky man who catches her in the mildest form." While
the general Greek view of the dependence of woman on man is well
expressed in the words of Aethra, in the "Suppliants" of Euripides--"it
is proper for women who are wise to let men act for them in everything."
[Footnote: Euripides, Hik. 40.]
In accordance with this conception of the inferiority of the female sex,
and partly as a cause, partly as an effect of it, we find that the
position of the wife in ancient Greece was simply that of the domestic
drudge. To stay at home and mind the house was her recognised ideal. "A
free woman should be bounded by the street door," says one of the
characters in Menander; and another writer discriminates as follows the
functions of the two sexes:--"War, politics, and public speaking are the
sphere of man; that of woman is to keep house, to stay at home and to
receive and tend her husband." We are not surprised, therefore, to find
that the symbol of woman is the tortoise; and in the following burlesque
passage from Aristophanes we shall recognise, in spite of the touch of
caricature, the genuine features of the Greek wife. Praxagora is
recounting the merits and services of women:
"They dip their wool in hot water according to the ancient plan, all of
them without exception, and never make the slightest innovation. They
sit and cook, as of old. They carry upon their heads, as of old. They
conduct the Themophoriae, as of old. They wear out their husbands, as of
old. They buy sweets, as of old. They take their wine neat, as of old."
[Footnote: Aristophanes, Eccles. 215.]
And that this was also the kind of ideal approved by their lords and
masters, and that any attempt to pass beyond it was resented, is
amusingly illustrated in the following extract from the same poet, where
Lysistrata explains the growing indignation of the women at the bad
conduct of affairs by the men, and the way in which their attempts to
interfere were resented. The comments of the "magistrate" typify, of
course, the man's point of view.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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