Its greatness is emphasized by the fact that, except in this one corner of the globe, everything was in a state of decadence.... Great as is the credit due the Abbaside Dynasty and its ministers, still greater is our admiration for the Arab nation on account of the eagerness with which it met the wishes of its rulers and also because it pursued resolutely, and despite all the obstacles (political and religious) which were placed in its way, the course laid down for it to follow.... The Arabs also knew how to choose men who were really eminent and to rescue them from lives which otherwise would probably have been sterile; they claimed the inheritance of Greek science; and they revealed to the world that they were worthy of this inheritance. Some idea of the completeness of the list of Greek medical works which the Arabs translated may be gained from the fact that Galen’s writings are more complete in the Arabic than they are in the Greek, the language in which they were originally composed. With Costa the second stage in the Arab Renaissance came to an end. All the work accomplished at Bagdad up to this period in our history received its inspiration from the different Caliphs belonging to the Abbaside Dynasty. But now the political conditions in the East underwent a change, and other Arabian dynasties, each in its turn, gained control of the power previously wielded by Almansur, Haroun Alraschid and their successors. Fortunately, all of these new rulers seem to have been favorably inclined toward the revival of literature, and consequently the Arabs continued to take an active part in the advance of medical knowledge during the tenth and eleventh centuries. Bagdad, however, ceased to be the centre of all this intellectual activity, and eventually Cordova in Spain almost rivaled the capital of ancient Greece in the eagerness with which she sought to increase her stores of books, and in her readiness to honor scholars. By this time the Arabs controlled, not only Persia and Arabia, but also Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Marseilles, the coast of Asia Minor, Greece, Sicily, the northern part of Africa and Spain. Owing to the limited space at my command I shall be obliged to confine my account to the more salient features of the progress made during this later or third stage of the Arab Renaissance.