Neuburger, from whose excellent History of Medicine the preceding details have been gleaned, makes the statement that the treatise in which Avicenna’s clinical experience was recorded has not come down to our time, and that, consequently, we lack the means of estimating just how great a physician--just how close a clinical observer and how wise a practitioner--he really was. So far, however, as may be judged from the evidence furnished by the Canon, Avicenna was not the equal, in all practical matters relating to medicine, of Haly Abbas and of Rhazes. He was perhaps too much inclined to “look at bedside phenomena through the spectacles of preconceived theories.” In brief, he was, first and foremost, a philosopher, and only in a subordinate degree a physician, although a most excellent one. In Book III., where he discusses certain surgical procedures, statements are made which justify the belief that Avicenna was acquainted with intubation of the larynx. Le Clerc mentions six other Persians who, during the tenth century of the present era, gained more or less distinction as physicians. In the following paragraphs brief notices are given of each of these men. Eben el Khammar, born in 942 A. D., was a Christian and an excellent practitioner. He was well versed in the science of medicine and a writer of some importance. Date of death unknown. Abou Sahl el Messihy, who was also a Christian, was a contemporary and intimate friend of Avicenna. He died in 1000 A. D. He was the author of a complete and very useful summary of medicine, entitled “Kitab el Meya”; and the Arab historian Ossaibiah speaks in terms of admiration of another treatise which he wrote and which bears the title, “Exposition of God’s wisdom as Manifested in the Creation of Man.” Abou Soleiman Essedjestany, commonly called “El Mantaky.” The dates of his birth and death are not known. He wrote a number of treatises, and--among others--one on “The Organization of the Human Faculties.” Aboul Hassan Ahmed Etthabary, a native of Thabaristan, in the Province of Khorassan. He was employed as a physician by the Emir Rokn eddoula ben Bouïh, and is known as the author of a compendium of medicine entitled: “Hippocratic Methods of Treatment.” He died in 970 A. D. El Comry was one of the most eminent medical practitioners of his time, and was in high favor with the royal household. He wrote a compendium of medicine which bears the title “R’any ou Many,” and he was also the author of a treatise on the causes of disease. His death occurred toward the end of the tenth century of the Christian era. Alfaraby, who is highly commended by Avicenna, should be classed among the philosophers rather than among the physicians. He died in 950 A. D.