_Guy de Chauliac._--After the lapse of a few years there appeared a man who was destined to add greatly to the fame of the Medical School of Montpellier--not in the way in which Arnold of Villanova had accomplished this result, but by the publication of the first systematic treatise on surgery which was written in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. This man was Guy de Chauliac, about whose early life very little is known. He was born in the village of Chauliac, in Auvergne, France, toward the end of the thirteenth century, his parents being simple peasants; and during early boyhood he probably attended the school connected with the village church. His medical studies were begun at Toulouse and completed at Montpellier. But, at some time later than 1326, he went to Bologna and perfected his knowledge of anatomy under the guidance of Bertrucius, Mondino’s successor. After leaving Bologna Guy visited Paris, arriving there subsequently to the deaths of Lanfranchi, Pitard and Henri de Mondeville. Although he remained in that great city only a short time, he appears to have formed a warm friendship with several of the instructors in the medical school. About the year 1330 he took up his residence in Lyons. His appointment to the position of Canon of Saint-Just, a church which is located in that city, doubtless made it necessary for him to adopt this course. And yet it is most improbable that he spent much of his time in Lyons, for his other duties--his attendance at the Papal Court in Avignon, as private physician to three Popes in succession, and the numerous calls made upon him for professional advice and especially for surgical assistance by people living at a long distance from Lyons--compelled him repeatedly to absent himself from his home, sometimes for several days at a time. In 1348 the plague visited Avignon and carried off large numbers of people, the poet Petrarch’s Laura being one of the victims. During that terrible epidemic Guy was most faithful in his devotion to Clement VI. and to many others who needed his professional services. In 1357 he was promoted by Innocent VI. to the office of Provost of Saint-Just. In 1363 when--according to, his own declaration--he was an old man, he wrote the treatise on surgery which has rendered his name famous in the history of medicine. His death occurred about July 23, 1368.