The Growth of the English House: A short history of its architectural development from 1100 to 1800Gotch, J. Alfred (John Alfred)
History
The Growth of the English House: A short history of its architectural development from 1100 to 1800
Gotch, J. Alfred (John Alfred)
Architecture -- England; Architecture, Domestic
The next plan is of the =H= type, which was widely employed at this
period (Fig. 102). Without entering into minute detail it will suffice
to draw attention to the maintenance of the time-honoured position of
the hall between the family rooms and the servants’ quarters; to the
provision of a winter parlour near the kitchen; to the strict symmetry
of the general plan, and to the many windows, arranged not only to give
light to the rooms, but also by their ordered disposition to impart a
distinctive character to the appearance of the building. To such an
extent is this symmetrical treatment carried, that in the “lodging”
near the winter parlour, two of the window’s are crippled by the
fireplace, with the result that they become in part shams. This is a
striking testimony to the change which was coming over house design.
Hitherto windows had been provided for the sake of light within; now
they are regarded as means of obtaining effect without. The other
characteristic features to be observed are the balustraded terraces on
the front and back; the arcades on either side of the porch; and the
court at the back with a fountain placed on each side of the central
paved walk. There is no elevation corresponding to this plan, but the
general effect of the front may be gathered from a view of old Somerset
House in the Strand, although this is on a rather more important scale
(Fig. 103). Here also is a central porch flanked by arcades which stop
against square projecting windows in the corner of the courtyard.
[Illustration: 103. Old Somerset House, in the Strand. (Now demolished.)
End façade of Courtyard.]
[Illustration: 104. Elevation and Plan of a House (unnamed).
_From the Thorpe Collection._]
The last of the series (Fig. 104) shows the beginning of a change in
the hall. The screen is no longer a continuous partition cutting off
a passage. It has shrunk to something that is a mere projection from
the side walls, affording no shelter from the cross-traffic of the
front door. Indeed the front door, which formerly had been the common
entrance for the whole household, was gradually being reserved for the
family and the guests, the servants being provided with a separate
entrance of their own. The elevation is an interesting specimen of
Elizabethan design in half-timber.
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