=Bibliography.=--The geological story of the Cascade uptilt and the formation of the Columbia gorge is graphically told in _Condon: Oregon Geology_ (Portland, J. K. Gill Co., 1910). For the Columbia from its sources to the sea, _Lyman: The Columbia River_ (New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1909) not only gives the best account of the river itself and its great basin but tells the Indian legends and outlines the period of discovery and settlement. _Irving: Astoria_ and _Winthrop: The Canoe and the Saddle_ are classics of the early Northwest. _Balch: Bridge of the Gods_, weaves the Indian myth of a natural bridge into a story of love and war. The literature of the mountains described in this volume is mainly to be found in the publications of the mountain clubs, especially _Mazama_ (Portland), _The Sierra Club Bulletin_ (San Francisco) and _The Mountaineer_ (Seattle). Many of their papers have scientific value as well as popular interest. It is to be hoped that the Mazamas will resume the publication of their annual. _Russell: Glaciers of N. Am._ p. 67; _Emmons: Volcanoes of the U. S. Pacific Coast_, in _Bulletin of Am. Geog. Soc._, v. 9, p. 31; _Sylvester: Is Mt. Hood Awakening?_ in _Nat'l Geog. Mag._, v. 19, p. 515, describe the glaciers of Mt. Hood. Prof. Reid has published valuable accounts of both Hood and Adams, with especial reference to their glaciers, in _Science_, n. s., v. 15, p. 906; _Bul. Geol. Soc. of Am._, v. 13, p. 536, and _Zeitschrift fur Gletscherkunde_, v. 1, p. 113. An account of the volcanic activities of St. Helens by Lieut. C. P. Elliott, U. S. A., may be found in _U. S. Geog. Mag._, v. 8, pp. 226, and by J. S. Diller in _Science_, v. 9, p. 639. The ice caves of the Mt. Adams district are described in _Balch_: _Glacieres, or Freezing Caverns_, which covers similar phenomena in many countries; by L. H. Wells, in _Pacific Monthly_, v. 13, p. 234; by R. W. Raymond, in _Overland Monthly_, v. 3, p. 421; by H. T. Finck in _Nation_, v. 57, p. 342. Dryer's account of the first ascent of Mt. St. Helens may be found in _The Oregonian_ of September 3, 1853, and his story of the first ascent of Mt. Hood in _The Oregonian_, August 19, 1854, and _Littell's Living Age_, v. 43, p. 321. =The Mountain Clubs.=--For the following list of presidents and ascents of the Mazamas, I am indebted to Miss Gertrude Metcalfe, historian of the club: PRESIDENTS. OFFICIAL ASCENTS.