Jewish philosophy -- Early works to 1800; Judaism -- Works to 1900; Philosophy, Medieval -- Early works to 1800
The later philosophers assumed ten Intelligences, because they counted
the spheres containing stars and the all-encompassing sphere, although
some of the spheres included several distinct orbits. There are
altogether nine spheres, viz., the all-encompassing sphere, that of the
fixed stars, and those of the seven planets; nine Intelligences
correspond to the nine spheres; the tenth Intelligence is the Active
Intellect. The existence of the latter is proved by the transition of
our intellect from a state of potentiality to that of actuality, and by
the same transition in the case of the forms of all transient beings.
For whatever passes from potentiality into actuality, requires for that
transition an external agent of the same kind as itself. Thus the
builder does not build the storehouse in his capacity of workman, but
in that of a person that has the form of the storehouse in his mind;
and that form of the building which exists in the mind of the builder
caused the transition of the potential form of the storehouse into
actuality, and impressed it on the material of the building. As that
which gives form to matter must itself be pure form, so the source of
intellect must itself be pure intellect, and this source is the Active
Intellect. The relation of the latter to the elements and their
compounds is the same as that of the Intelligences to their respective
spheres; and our intellect in action, which originates in the Active
Intellect, and enables us to comprehend that intellect, finds a
parallel in the intellect of each of the spheres which originates in
the Intelligence corresponding to that sphere, and enables the sphere
to comprehend that Intelligence, to form an idea of it, and to move in
seeking to become similar to it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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