Jewish philosophy -- Early works to 1800; Judaism -- Works to 1900; Philosophy, Medieval -- Early works to 1800
First, the account given in Scripture of the Creation is not, as is
generally believed, intended to be in all its parts literal. For if
this were the case, wise men would not have kept its explanation
secret, and our Sages would not have employed figurative speech [in
treating of the Creation] in order to hide its true meaning, nor would
they have objected to discuss it in the presence of the common people.
The literal meaning of the words might lead us to conceive corrupt
ideas and to form false opinions about God, or even entirely to abandon
and reject the principles of our Faith. It is therefore right to
abstain and refrain from examining this subject superficially and
unscientifically. We must blame the practice of some ignorant preachers
and expounders of the Bible, who think that wisdom consists in knowing
the explanation of words, and that greater perfection is attained by
employing more words and longer speech. It is, however, right that we
should examine the Scriptural texts by the intellect, after having
acquired a knowledge of demonstrative science, and of the true hidden
meaning of prophecies. But if one has obtained some knowledge in this
matter he must not preach on it, as I stated in my Commentary on the
Mishnah (Ḥagigah, ii. 7), and our Sages said distinctly: From the
beginning of the book to this place—after the account of the sixth day
of the Creation—it is “the glory of God to conceal a thing” (Prov. xxv.
2).
We have thus clearly stated our opinion. It is, however, part of the
Divine plan that every one who has obtained some perfection transmit it
to some other persons, as will be shown in the chapter on Prophecy. It
is, therefore, impossible for a scholar to possess knowledge of these
problems, whether it be through his own researches or through his
master’s teaching, without communicating part of that knowledge to
others; it cannot be done in clear words; it must be done sparingly by
way of hints. We find in the words of some of our Sages numerous hints
and notes of this kind, but mixed up with the words of others and with
other subjects. In treating of these mysteries, as a rule, I quote as
much as contains the principal idea, and leave the rest for those who
are worthy of it.
Secondly, the prophets employ homonymous terms and use words which are
not meant to be understood in their ordinary signification, but are
only used because of some other meaning which they admit, e.g., “a rod
of an almond-tree (shaked),” because of the words which follow, “for I
will hasten (shaked)” (Jer. i. 11, 12), as will be shown in the chapter
on Prophecy. According to the same principle Ezekiel in the account of
the Divine Chariot employs, as we have stated the term ḥashmal (Ezek.
i. 4); also regel egel (v. 7), neḥoshet kalal (v. 7), and similar
terms; Zechariah (vi. 1) likewise adopts this method, and says: “And
the mountains were mountains of neḥoshet (brass),” and the like.
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