The Gulf and Inland Waters: The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3.Mahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
History
The Gulf and Inland Waters: The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3.
Mahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Naval operations; United States. Navy -- History
After the capture of Alexandria and the dispersal of the enemy in that
quarter, General Banks moved down with his army to Simmesport, on the
Atchafalaya Bayou, five miles from the Red River, and thence across
the Mississippi at Bayou Sara, five or six miles above Port Hudson.
General Augur of his command at the same time moved up from Baton
Rouge. The two bodies met on the 23d of May, and Port Hudson was
immediately invested. An assault was made on the 27th, but proved
unsuccessful, and the army settled down to a regular siege. A battery
of four IX-inch shell-guns from the navy was efficiently served
throughout the siege by a detachment of seamen from the Richmond and
Essex under Lieutenant-Commander Edward Terry, executive officer of
the former vessel. The Essex, Commander Caldwell, and the half dozen
mortar-schooners under his orders maintained a constant bombardment
and succession of artillery fights with the river batteries of the
enemy, being exposed to the fire of four VIII-and X-inch columbiads
and two heavy rifles. Between the 23d of May and 26th of June Caldwell
estimated that one thousand shot and shell had been fired at him from
these guns. During these daily engagements the Essex was hulled
twenty-three times, besides being frequently struck above her decks,
and had received severe injury. The mortar-schooners also came in for
their share of hard knocks, and their captains were all specially
commended both by Caldwell and Farragut.
On the 15th of May Porter went to the Yazoo and there awaited news
from the army. On the 18th heavy firing in the rear of the city
assured him of Grant's approach. That afternoon the advance of
Sherman's corps came in below Snyder's Bluff, between the city and
Haines's Bluff. The works at the latter point had been abandoned the
evening before on the approach of the army; a small party only being
left to destroy or remove whatever they could. Upon the appearance of
the troops the admiral sent up a force of gunboats under
Lieutenant-Commander K.R. Breese, whereupon the party ran off, leaving
everything in good order. The works mounted fourteen heavy guns,
VIII-and X-inch smooth-bores, and VII1/2-inch rifles; the carriages of
these were burned, as were the Confederate encampments, and the
magazines blown up. Porter now received letters from Grant, Sherman,
and Steele, informing him of the entire success of the campaign in the
rear of Vicksburg, and asking that provisions might be sent up, the
army having lived off the country almost entirely during a fortnight
of constant marching and fighting. Lieutenant-Commander J.G. Walker
in the De Kalb was sent up to Yazoo City with sufficient force to
destroy the enemy's property which he might find, and the gunboats
below Vicksburg were moved up to fire on the hill batteries, an
annoyance to the garrison which they kept up off and on during the
night. On the 19th six mortar-boats were got into position, with
orders to fire night and day as rapidly as possible.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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