_Acid, Muriatic._—Called also Hydrochloric Acid and sometimes spirit of salt. Made by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt (chloride of sodium). Mingled with half its volume of Nitric Acid it forms Aqua Regia. _Acid, Nitric._—Sometimes called Aqua Fortis. Made by the decomposition of Nitre, or saltpetre by strong sulphuric acid. _Acid, Sulphuric._—Called oil of vitriol, made from sulphur and nitre or saltpetre. _Acid, Hydrochloric._—Called Muriatic Acid, which see. _Alcohol._—The product of the fermentation of sugar, and is contained in all fermented liquors. It is a colorless fluid, boils at 173° F. and burns without smoke. The volatile oils and resins are dissolved by it, as well as many acids and salts, the caustic alkalies, etc. The resulting compounds of the acids upon alcohol are called ethers. _Alkanet Root._—The root of a species of Bugloss. It affords a fine red color to alcohol and oils, but a dirty red to water. The spirituous tincture gives to white marble a beautiful deep stain. _Annatto._—Also spelled Anotta and Anotto. A red coloring substance obtained from the pulp of the seed-vessel of the plant _Bixa orellana_. It dissolves better and more readily in alcohol than in water. _Antimony, Chloride of._—Called also Butter of Antimony and Sesquichloride of Antimony. Made by distilling the residue of the solution of sulphuret of antimony in strong hydrochloric acid, or by distilling a mixture of corrosive sublimate and antimony. It is highly corrosive. In medicine, used as a caustic. _Antimony, Butter of._—See Antimony, Chloride of. _Aqua Fortis._—Called also Nitric Acid, which see. _Aqua Regia._—Made by mixing one part nitric acid in two muriatic acid, by measure; keep the mixture in a bottle in a cool, dark place. _Asphaltum._—Native bitumen, will dissolve in turpentine with gentle heat. _Benzoin, Gum or Gum Benjamin._—A gum extracted from the tree, _Styrax benzoin_, which grows in the East Indies. It fuses at a gentle heat, can be dissolved in alcohol and imperfectly dissolved in ether. It is employed as a varnish for toilet and other articles, which give out an agreeable smell when warmed by the heat of the hand. _Blue Vitriol._—Sulphate of copper. A salt formed by sulphuric acid in combination with copper. It is soluble in cold or warm water, used much in dyeing and exciting galvanic batteries. _Brimstone._—See sulphur. _Brimstone, Black._—Crude sulphur. _Burnt Umber._—Umber is a mineral of brown color from the Island of Cyprus. Two kinds are found in the market, raw and burnt. _Butter of Antimony._—See antimony, chloride of. _Camphor._—A solid concrete substance, _Laurus camphor_ or Indian laurel tree, which grows in the East Indies, China and Japan. Soluble in alcohol, ether, oil and acetic acid. _Chloride of Antimony._—See antimony, chloride of. _Chloride of Mercury._—Called corrosive sublimate, which see. _Chloride of Iron._—See muriate of iron.