To mark Cadency by a _change of Tinctures_ was a simple expedient, and such a one as would naturally be practised at an early period. It was effected, first, in the case of the _Field_: thus (H. 3) the brothers DE LA ZOUCHE severally bear--_Gu., bezantée_, and, _Az., bezantée_; and the brothers FURNIVAL (H. 3) bear--_Arg., a bend between six martlets gu._, and, _Or, a bend between six martlets gu._ Secondly, the change is effected in the _Charges_: thus, two William BARDOLFS (H. 3 and E. 2) severally bear--_Az., three cinquefoils or_, and, _Az., three cinquefoils arg._ Thirdly, the tinctures are _reversed_: for example, for two Sir JOHN HARCOURTS (E. 2)--_Gu., two bars or_, and, _Or, two bars gu._ Fourthly, there is a complete change in _all the tinctures_: and so, while Sir ANDREW LOTEREL (E. 2) bears--_Or, a bend between six martlets sa._, Sir GEFFREY LOTEREL (E. 2) bears--_Az., a bend between six martlets argent_. Finally, this system of marking Cadency admits various modifications of the changes already described: thus, in the Arms of Mortimer, No. 131, _gules_ is substituted for _azure_; and, again, in the same Shield an _inescutcheon ermine_ takes the place of the _inescutcheon argent_. [Illustration: No. 346.--Beauchamp of Elmely.] [Illustration: No. 347.--Beauchamp at Carlaverock.] Another and a favourite method of marking Cadency, calculated to exercise a great and decided influence in the development of heraldic blazon, is the _addition of secondary Charges_ of small size (not on a Label or a Bordure but) semée over the field of a Shield, or charged upon an Ordinary, or disposed in orle. In a large number of examples, these small charges are found to have been gradually reduced to six or three, in order to admit of their being blazoned on a somewhat larger scale, and consequently made more distinct. Again: while the number and the tinctures of the secondary differencing charges remain the same, in order to carry out the Cadency still farther the secondary charges themselves are varied: and, once more, in other cases the identity of the original secondary charges is retained, but their number is increased or diminished. I must be content to illustrate these various forms of Cadency with a few examples only. First, a group of shields of the BEAUCHAMPS:--Beauchamp of Elmely (H. 3)--_Gu., a fesse or_, No. 346: Beauchamp at Carlaverock--_Gu., crusilée and a fesse or_, No. 347: Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick--_Gu., a fesse between six crosses crosslets or_, No. 348: and Beauchamp of Bletshoe--_Gu., a fesse between six martlets or_, No. 349. Second, a corresponding group of shields of the BERKELEYS:--Maurice de Barkele (or Berkeley)--_Gu., a chevron arg._ (H. 3): and then for other Berkeleys--_Gu., a chevron between ten crosses pattées, six and four, arg._; and the same Ordinary, with either _ten cinquefoils of silver_, or the same number of _white roses_. Three CORBETS bear severally (E. 2)--_Or, a raven sa._; _Or, two ravens sa._;