The HOSPITALLERS, instituted about A.D. 1092, were introduced into
England about 1100. In the year 1310 they were established at Rhodes,
and in 1530 at Malta, under their forty-third Grand Master, PHILIPPE DE
VILLIERS DE L’ISLE-ADAM. Their device is a _silver cross of eight
points_, No. 107, charged upon a _black field_, or worn upon a black
surcoat or mantle. The Order was finally suppressed in England in 1559.
The TEMPLARS, instituted about A.D. 1118, were introduced into England
about 1140. In the year 1309 they were suppressed, and in 1312 their
Order was finally abolished. They wore _a Cross_ of the same form as No.
107, but of a _red colour upon a white field_. This red cross they
charged upon a white banner: and they bore another banner, No. 13, of
_black and white_, entitled “_Beau Seant_.” The same words, “_Beau
Seant!_” were their war-cry. The Badges of the Templars were the _Agnus
Dei_--the Holy Lamb, holding a red-cross banner; and a device
representing two Knights mounted on a single horse, intended to denote
the original poverty of the Order.[8]
[Footnote 8: The Arms of the Inner Temple of the present day
are--_Azure, a pegasus_ (or winged horse) _argent_, or sometimes
_or_. This Coat is derived from the early Badge, _the two horsemen_
having been mistaken in later times for _wings_. The Arms of the
Middle Temple are--_Argent, on a cross gules_, the Agnus Dei.]
[Illustration: No. 433.--Insignia of the Order of the Garter.]
THE ORDER OF THE GARTER, a military Fraternity under the special
patronage of “ST. GEORGE, the good Knight,” was instituted at Windsor by
King EDWARD III. in, or about, the year 1350--very probably in the
summer of 1348, but the exact time is not positively known. It may
safely be assumed, that the occasion which led to the institution of
this most noble and renowned Order, was a Tournament or Hastilude of
unusual importance held at his Castle of Windsor by EDWARD III. at the
most brilliant period of his reign: and it is highly probable that the
Order suggested itself to the mind of the King, as a natural result of
his own chivalrous revival of a knightly “Round Table,” such as
flourished in the days of King Arthur. How much of historical fact there
may be in the popular legend, which professes to derive from a certain
romantic incident the Title certainly borne by King EDWARD’S Order from
the time of its original institution, it is not possible to determine:
but the legend itself is not in any way inconsistent with the spirit of
those times; nor would the Knights Founders of the Garter regard their
Order as the less honourable, because its Title might remind them of the
happy gallantry, with which the casual misadventure of a noble Lady had
been turned to so good an account by a most princely Monarch. The
Statutes of the Order have been continually modified and altered, and
the original military character of the Institution has long ceased to
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