V. In the ILLUMINATIONS of the Middle Ages Heraldry has a place of honour: and in the revival of that early Art, which is held in such high estimation at the present day, Heraldry ought to occupy a position of corresponding prominence. This implies in the Illuminators of to-day some knowledge of Heraldry, and at least some degree of familiarity with good early examples. I venture to suggest, therefore, to students of Illumination the study both of the Herald’s Art and his Science, as no unimportant part of their preparation for the practice of the Art of Illumination on the principle of the sagacious maxim of a great modern painter, quoted by Mr. RUSKIN in his “Seven Lamps of Architecture”--“Know what you have to do, and _then_ do it.” VI. In the ornamentation of early ENCAUSTIC or INLAID PAVEMENT TILES, Shields of Arms and various heraldic devices frequently occur: and in many examples the Shields of Arms are arranged with much skill and in excellent taste, to form decorative compositions in combination with foliage and traceries. Numerous heraldic Tiles of a very interesting character remain in the Cathedrals of Worcester, Gloucester, and Exeter; and in the Churches of Great Malvern, King’s Langley, the Abbey Church of St. Alban, and many others. The student will observe that the devices upon these Tiles are frequently _reversed_, evidently the result of the neglect to reverse the designs upon the original dies or stamps. VII. Heraldic blazonry was highly esteemed in the Middle Ages as a becoming decoration for PERSONAL COSTUME. The Knights wore their _Coats of Arms_, and they carried and used their _Shields of Arms_, and their armorial insignia were displayed upon their weapons and upon the various accessories of their personal equipment. The Ladies adapted this usage to their own Costume, and they also wore _Mantles and Dresses of Arms_; and many of their personal ornaments were strictly heraldic. Without even suggesting now to our Ladies any revival of heraldic costume, properly so called--such as dresses, mantles, or shawls emblazoned with the bearings of armorial shields--I certainly do desire to see Heraldry exercising a powerful influence in all designs for personal ornaments, the works of the goldsmith and the jeweller more especially. Badges also may supply the motive for designing many patterns that are to adorn fabrics used for costume: and, in like manner also, the designs woven into carpets, curtains, and various other fabrics may be derived with the greatest advantage from the same source. The loom is employed in blazoning heraldic insignia in white damask: why should it not work, under judicious and cautious guidance, in silk and velvet, in satin and every woollen fabric?[13]