_Duke._ The highest rank and title in the British Peerage; first introduced by EDWARD III. in the year 1337, when he created the BLACK PRINCE the first English Duke (in Latin, “_Dux_”). A Duke is “Most Noble”; he is styled “My Lord Duke,” and “Your Grace”; and all his younger sons are “Lords,” and all his daughters “Ladies,” with the prefix “Right Honourable.” His eldest son bears, by courtesy, his father’s “second title”; and, accordingly, he generally bears the title of Marquess. Whatever his title, however, the rank of the eldest son of a Duke is always the same, and it assigns to him precedence between Marquesses and Earls. The Coronet of a Duke, arbitrary in its adornment until the sixteenth century was far advanced, is now a circlet, heightened with eight conventional strawberry-leaves, of which in representations three and two half-leaves are shown; No. 237. It encloses a velvet cap. The present ducal coronet is represented in the portrait of LUDOVICK STUART, K.G., Duke of RICHMOND and LENNOX, who died in 1624; the picture, the property of the Crown, is at Hampton Court. [Illustration: No. 236.--Dragon.] [Illustration: No. 237.--Circlet of a Duke’s Coronet.] _Ducal Coronet._ A term commonly, but not very accurately, applied to a _Crest Coronet_. No. 232. _Duchess._ The wife of a Duke. She is “Most Noble,” and is styled “Your Grace.” Her coronet is the same as that of a Duke. _Eagle._ See Chapter IX., page 92. _Eaglet._ An Eagle on a small scale. _Earl._ In Latin, “Comes”; in French, “Comte” or “Count.” Before 1337, the highest, and now the third degree of rank and dignity in the British Peerage. An Earl is “Right Honourable”; he is styled “My Lord”; his eldest son bears his father’s “second title,” generally that of Viscount; his other sons are styled “Honourable,” but all his daughters are “Ladies.” The circlet of an Earl’s Coronet has eight lofty rays of gold rising from the circlet, each of which supports a large pearl, while between each pair of these rays there is a golden strawberry-leaf. In representations five of the rays and pearls are shown; No. 238. Elevated clusters of pearls appear in an Earl’s coronet--that of THOMAS FITZ ALAN, Earl of ARUNDEL--as early as 1445; but the present form of the coronet may be assigned to the second half of the following century. [Illustration: No. 238.--Circlet of an Earl’s Coronet.] [Illustration: No. 239.--Eastern Crown.] _Eastern_, _Radiated_, or _Antique Crown_. No. 239. _Electoral Bonnet._ A cap of crimson velvet guarded with ermine, borne, in the Royal Arms, over the inescutcheon of the arms of Hanover from 1801 till 1816. No. 240. _Embattled_, and _Counter-Embattled_. A term applied to a fess or bar when so depicted both above and below. _Embowed._ Bent. An arm embowed has the elbow to the dexter, unless blazoned to the contrary. _Embrued._ Stained with blood. _Endorse._ A diminutive of the pale.