Lithuania, Magna Charta of, 21; Jewish merchants of, 22; description by Cardinal Commendoni and by Delmedigo, 24; Talmudic centre, 31-35; status of Jews of, under Ivan the Terrible, 55; after the massacres, 60; opposition to Hasidism in, 65, 69; method of study in, 71-72; inclination to Haskalah in, 105-109; annexed to Russia, 113; Russified, 124-125; colonization in, 143-144, 159; Talmud published in, 148-149; referred to, 195. Litvack, Judah, deputy, 93. Livonia, Jewish merchants of, 22; Gentiles remonstrate on behalf of Jews of, 57; stronghold of Haskalah, 193-194. Loewe, Louis, Orientalist, quoted, 155, 199. London, 94, 126, 129. Louis XIV, and the Treaty of Ryswick, 22. Lover of Enlightenment societies, 165. Lublin, 31, 34, 40; fair at, 49; Haskalah in, 105. Lublin, Meir (Maharam), Talmudist, 72. Lukas, "the little Jew," 25. Lullabies, Russo-Jewish, quoted, 46, 309 (n. 39). See also Folk Songs. Luria, David, philanthropist, 166, 168, 203. Luria, Solomon, Talmudist, 40; censures the liberality of Isserles, 50; opposes the kahal, 61; his method of study, 72. Luther's doctrines in Poland, 26. Luzzatto, Moses Hayyim, poet, 92. Lyons, Israel, grammarian, 95. _Ma'aseh Tobiah_, 42. Macaulay, on Russian civilization, 310 (n. 6). McCaul's _Old Paths_, 146, 211. _Maggid Yeshu'ah_, by Lilienthal, 174-176. Maimon, Solomon, 81-89; quoted, 31, 60, 106; Autobiography, 83, 88; his philosophy, 84-87; his contributions to the Meassef, 98; referred to, 108, 130, 132, 192, 298. Maimuni, commentators on his _Moreh Nebukim_, 38, 84, 89; retranslated by Levin, 100; his _Mishneh Torah_, translated, 186, 200; his Hebrew style, 97. Malak, Abraham, Hasid, 122. Malak, Hayyim, Hasid, 65. Manasseh ben Israel, 32; his _Nishmat Hayyim_, 63; his activity, 96. Mandelkern, Solomon, rabbi, 203, 246. Mandelstamm, Benjamin, on Lilienthal, 173; quoted, 186; on Vilna, 198; and Levinsohn, 212. Mandelstamm, Leon, graduate from University of St. Petersburg, 186, 200, 252. Mane, Mordecai Zebi, poet, 98. Mann, Eliezer, "the Hebrew Socrates," 38. Mann, Menahem, martyr, 27. Manoah, Handel, mathematician, 38. Mapu, Abraham, novelist, 244-245. Margolioth, Judah Loeb, rabbi, 105, 125. Markusevich, Isaac, physician, 127. Marx, Karl, his teachings promulgated, 256; his name assumed, 257. Masliansky, Zebi Hirsh, Maggid, 280. May laws, 270-275. Meassef, contributors to, 98-100; condemned, 132; referred to, 265. _Megillah 'Afah_, 36. Meisels, Berish, rabbi, 246. Melammedim, in Germany, 35, 78, 80; in Russia, 47, 294. _Memorbuch_ of Mayence, 29. Mendelssohn, Meyer, communal worker, 140.