[351] This admirable summary is taken from S. Lane-Poole’s _Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum_, vol. vi. (also reprinted in his _Mohammedan Dynasties_, pp. 201, 202). It is a condensation of what may be read in great detail in Howorth’s _Mongols_, vol. i. pp. 27–50. Cf. also De Guignes, vol. iv. p. 1 _et seq._; and d’Ohsson, vol. i. chaps. i. and ii. [352] For information with regard to this name, cf. d’Ohsson, _op. cit._ vol. i. pp 36, 37, note. [353] Thus according to the Chinese authorities. The Mohammedan historians give the date of his birth as A.H. 550 (1155). [354] The above remarks on the Mongols have been translated from an article in Russian by M. Barthold in Baron Rosen’s _Zapiski_, vol. x. (St. Petersburg, 1897) pp. 107–8. [355] Rashīd ud-Dīn, _Jāmi`-ut-Tawārikh_, Berezine’s ed. i. 89. [356] The Chinese and Persian authorities are here again at variance. [357] They had been converted to Christianity by the Nestorians at the beginning of the eleventh century. See very interesting note in d’Ohsson, _op. cit._ i. p. 48. This Toghrul received the title of Oang, or King, and called himself Oang-Khān. The similarity of this in sound to the name _Johan_, or Johannes (John), led to the fabulous personage so familiar in Marco Polo and other travellers, as Prester John. Cf. Yule’s _Cathay_ and _Marco Polo_, _passim_. [358] Cf. d’Ohsson, i. p. 47. [359] Cf. S. Lane-Poole, _loc. cit._ [360] The exact date is uncertain. [361] This word may be read either _Kuriltāy_ or _Kurultāy_. Cf. Pavet de Courteille, _Dictionnaire Turk-Oriental_, p. 429. [362] Cf. d’Ohsson, i. 86. [363] _Ibid._ p. 89. [364] Cf. Howorth, _J.R.A.S._, New Series VIII. p. 283. [365] The above facts are from the _Jahān-Kushāy_. Cf. Bretschneider, _op. cit._ i. 230, 231; the _Tarikh-i-Rashidi_, p. 289; and d’Ohsson, _op. cit._ i. 166 _et seq._ [366] Cf. d’Ohsson, i. 170 _et seq._; Bretschneider, _op. cit._ i. 231. [367] This occupied him between the years 1210 and 1214. [368] S. Lane-Poole, _loc. cit._ See also Gibbon’s 64th chapter. [369] Cf. Bretschneider, _loc. cit._; and on the subject of the religious tolerance of Chingiz, Gibbon, chap. lxiv. [370] Cf. d’Ohsson, i. 204. [371] He had put his former ally `Othman to death in A.H. 607 (1210). See d’Ohsson, i. 183. [372] Abū-l-Ghāzi, ed. Desmaisons, p. 99. [373] Abū-l-Ghāzi, ed. Desmaisons, p. 100. [374] Abū-l-Ghāzi, _loc. cit._ [375] Abū-l-Ghāzi, pp. 101–103 of Desmaison’s text. [376] The route he took was Kazwīn, Gilān, and Māzenderān (_Tarikh-i-Mukīm Khānī_). [377] He is said to have died a lunatic. The island in question has long since been swallowed up by the sea. Cf. _Tabakāt-i-Nāsiri_, Major Raverty’s trans., vol. i. p. 278, note. [378] We refer the reader especially to Müller’s _Geschichte des Islams_, pp. 213–225. [379] _Mohammedan Dynasties_, p. 204.