[513] Vambéry, p. 391. The date which he gives tentatively, 1840, is certainly wrong: had it occurred then, details would have appeared in the works of Wolff and Khanikoff. H. Moser, who twice visited Bokhārā during his reign, says that he lived in idleness till his father’s death, the date of which he inexplicably states to have been 1842 (_A Travers l’Asie Centrale_, p. 156). [514] Vambéry, p. 391. [515] H. Moser, p. 156. [516] It was regarded in Central Asia as a bird of ill omen, and nicknamed _Kara-Kush_, “black bird” (Vambéry, p. 394). [517] The Kipchāks are a race of Turkish origin, who, according to Howorth (_History of the Mongols_, part ii.), settled on the south-eastern Russian steppes, in the tenth and eleventh centuries. They afterwards split up into hordes, the “Golden” and the “Eastern,” but were united under Tīmūr’s great antagonist, Tokhtamish Khān. When his power was shattered the Kipchāks dispersed over Central Asia, and large numbers found their way to Kokand, then styled by its present name, Farghāna. [518] Vambéry, p. 395. [519] H. Moser, _A Travers l’Asie Centrale_, p. 156. [520] Born at Pelusum in Egypt, A.D. 70, and flourished under M. Antoninus and Hadrian. [521] Our authority here is Jornandes, more properly styled Jordanes, who lived at Byzantium under Justinian II. His work, _De Gothorum Origine et Rebus Gestis_, is to be found in Muratori’s _Rerum Italicarum Scriptores ab Anno 500 ad 1500_, 27 vols. folio. [522] The Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg claim a Wendish origin, and are officially styled “Princes of the Wends.” [523] Slav, originally Slovene or Slovane, was, according to Miklositch, _Vergleichende Grammatik den Slavischen Sprachen_ (Vienna, 1879), the tribal name of one of several Aryan clans, whose settlements stretched from the Arctic Ocean to the Ægæan Sea, from Kamskatka to the Elbe. [524] “God” in Sanskrit is Bhagvan. Siva was the devoted wife of the demigod Rama, who is worshipped by Hindus with a fervour like that inspired by the Virgin Mary in Catholic lands. [525] They were judges rather than jurymen of the British type. Their number was twelve, half of whom were chosen by the plaintiff and half by the defendant. See Stubbs’ _Constitutional History_, chap. xiii. [526] Other writers give Cherson as the scene of this historic rite. Vladimir wears a halo in monkish legend, and is commonly styled the Saint, or the Great. [527] According to Ujfalvy, the Mongols were leading a peaceful and patriarchal life round Lake Baikal in the second century before our era. Richthofen thinks that the primitive land of the Turks was not in the Altaï Mountains, as their legends would have it, but rather in the country below the Anan, the Lena, and the Seleuga (_Les Aryens_ (Paris, 1896), p. 25). [528] Khwārazm, an old Persian word said to mean “eastwards,” comprises the embouchure of the Sir Daryā, and is now known as Khiva.