The railroads discriminate against the Texas oil wells by making the rates on north-bound oil considerably higher than on south-bound oil. Again the rate to various points from Lima, the centre of the Ohio and Indiana oil fields, is considerably higher than from Chicago, the Standard Oil shipping point. For example: Miles. Rate per hundred. Lima to Chattanooga 470 43 Chicago to Chattanooga 643 39.5 Lima to Mobile 916 32.5 Chicago to Mobile 926 23 Lima to New Orleans 962 32.5 Chicago to New Orleans 922 23 Lima to Memphis 512 26.5 Chicago to Memphis 526 18 Lima to Cincinnati 132 10 Chicago to Cincinnati 305 11 It costs 3½ cents more per hundred to ship from Lima, 470 miles, than from Chicago, 643 miles; 9½ cents more from Lima, 916 miles, to Mobile, than from Chicago, 926 miles, to the same place. The shorter distance has the higher rate till you get 50 percent off, then the half distance from Lima has about the same rate as the 100 percent distance from Chicago. The average rate on 25 staple commodities is about 2 cents higher per hundred from Cleveland to New Orleans than from Chicago to New Orleans, while the rate on petroleum is 8 cents higher. This is a strong discrimination against the Cleveland refineries in favor of the Chicago shipping point at Whiting. The Standard Oil is the only shipper of oil from Whiting.[294]