President Hadley says: “What the United States needs is an act under which the Commission will take part in the making of tariffs and give effect to the public interest in the general questions of railroad management, leaving the specific cases of violation to be stopped or punished by the courts.” Very good. But how is the Commission to take part in the making of tariffs? If it is to do any more than to give advice (the efficacy of which is nil when it comes up against the Beef Trust, Standard Oil, or other big private interest), it must have authority, general or particular, to fix rates when the railways do not make them just and reasonable. In England Parliament fixes maximum rates on the basis of Board of Trade studies, and the commission acts as a court. The plan has not prevented either discrimination or extortion, but has taken the life out of the railways to a large extent. In this country it is proposed to try the plan of letting a public board fix individual maximum rates when injustice is shown. As there is an appeal to the Federal courts and as Hadley declares that the courts insist on retrying questions in their entirety, it would seem that the very system President Hadley advocates would really come into being under the Hepburn Bill,—the Commission will have a part in fixing the rates, and violations of law will really be determined by the courts. INDEX [References are to pages.] A ACWORTH, W. M., Appendix B. ALABAMA MIDLAND CASE, 95. ARMOUR CAR-LINES, 151, 174–207. mileage, 175, 188, 190. speed of cars, 177, 178. passes, 180. exclusive contracts, 177, 180, 182, 190. icing charges, 181–186, 194–196. espionage, 185. fixing rates, 186–189. lax inspection, 188–189. low minimum carload, 189. rebates and profits, 190, 191, 194. cipher code, 197. AUSTRIA, 315. B BACON, E. P., testimony, 111. BAKER, RAY STANNARD, on Beef Trust, 153. BALTIMORE, discriminated against, 226. BARBED WIRE CASE, 88. BASING-POINT SYSTEM, 98, 208 _et seq._ BEEF, billed for export, 225. BEEF TRUST. (See ARMOUR.) controls rates, 152. runs private cars, 176. intimidates roads, 177. discriminations, advantages, etc., 176–207. shipments of, 179. favored by rates, 186–187. Boston books destroyed, 250. packer and road director, 76. BELGIUM, 315. BIDDLE OF SANTA FE, testimony, 114, 124 _et seq._ in salt case, 169. BISMARCK, 316. BLANCHARD, GEORGE R., quoted, 107. on ticket scalping, 20. “BLIND BILLING,” Standard’s cars, 75. BOOKS DESTROYED, 248–250. BOSTON & ALBANY, 105–107. BOWIE COMPRESS, 68. BRICK CASE, New Jersey to North Carolina, 157. BROKERS, TICKETS, 20. C CALEDONIAN COAL CO., 126–129. CALIFORNIA FRUIT TRANS. CO., 180. CAMDEN IRON WORKS, rebates, 122.