President Roosevelt, Governor La Follette, Governor Cummins, Sen. Com. p. 2046; Professor Ripley, pp. 2330, 2338: Commissioner Knapp, p. 3305, Commissioner Prouty, pp. 2794, 2873, 2881, and 2886, where he says: “I do not think the Commission has to-day in its docket a case that can be satisfactorily disposed of without determining the rate for the future.” Commissioner Clements, p. 3243, Commissioner Fifer, pp. 3344, 3350, and many other witnesses; also writers and speakers throughout the country. On the other hand, James J. Hill, President of the Great Northern, says he cannot imagine a greater misfortune than to attempt to fix rates by law, p. 1486; it would hamper transportation and hinder development. President Tuttle says that rate-making is practically the only property right the railways have, p. 913. Railway men generally are strongly opposed to fixing rates by commissions. Footnote 371: Sen. Com. p. 3482, N. Y. Chamber of Commerce. Footnote 372: Several witnesses suggest this. See, for example, Sen. Com. p. 3280. But James J. Hill says that if present laws were enforced not one of the car-lines could exist a moment, p. 1486. Footnote 373: Professor Ripley, p. 2345, Fordyce, p. 2202, and many railroad men; see below, p. 265. But see p. 61, Cowan; p. 822, Victor Morawetz; pp. 973 and 1003, President Tuttle. Footnote 374: James J. Hill, p. 1521. Footnote 375: Knapp, p. 3299; without such a provision the old roads can cripple a new road unless it goes clear across the continent. Footnote 376: Morawetz, pp. 818, 824; Bacon, pp. 16, 23; Davies, p. 3470; and Report of Industrial Commission. Publicity is an excellent aid, but is insufficient alone. It must keep steady company with adequate legislation and efficient enforcement of it. What has been the effect of publicity on the Standard Oil Trust up to date? Footnote 377: Commissioner Prouty, p. 2912. “That would stop discriminations,” said the Commissioner. “Unless they got possession of the man,” said Senator Dolliver. Footnote 378: Judge Gaynor proposes that the traffic managers shall be appointed by the Government. The present writer has suggested that the public might be represented on the board of direction in consideration of the franchises, etc. Footnote 379: _Arena_, vol. 24, p. 569, Parsons. Footnote 380: